proteasome

(redirected from Proteasomes)
Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia.

pro·te·a·some

 (prō′tē-ə-sōm′)
n.
A cellular protein complex consisting of proteolytic enzymes that degrade endogenous proteins, especially those that are damaged, pathogenic, or no longer of use.

[Alteration of earlier prosome (influenced by protease) : pro(grammed), from the earlier belief that proteasomes played a role in regulating messenger RNA translation + -some.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
References in periodicals archive ?
(1990) Abnormally high expression of proteasomes in human leukemic cells.
Kloetzel, "Generation of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens: functional interplay between proteasomes and TPPII," Nature Immunology, vol.
Proteasomes activate NF-[kappa]B by the degradation of its inhibitor and cause an increase in cytokine production in response to surgical stress [8].
The PA28-dependent regulation of OPN expression was stimulated by high glucose and abrogated by synthetic peptides that block the binding of PA28 to 20S proteasomes. Therefore, the findings of this study provide novel insights into the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and specially the PA28 proteins, in regulating the microvascular injury in diabetes.
Proteasomes are protein complexes with a main function to regulate and degrade unnecessary or damaged proteins by proteolysis, while spliceosome is a complex molecular machine assembled from snRNPs and protein complexes.
DeMartino, "Intracellular localization of proteasomes," International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, vol.
Schuman, "Activity-dependent dynamics and sequestration of proteasomes in dendritic spines," Nature, vol.
It is suggested that AGE accumulation may arise from ineffective removal of oxidatively modified proteins by the cellular proteolytic systems, such as the proteasomes [26].
Other topics include the programming of DNA methylation patterns, ubiquitin and proteasomes in transcription, toward the single-hour high-quality genome, the regulation of glucose transporter translocation in health and diabetes, the structural basis for the control of eukaryotic protein kinases, and pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming.
Abhimany Garg, Chief of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases and senior author of the study, said that in addition to providing a clue to the cause of JMP syndrome, the findings also tell researchers more about the role proteasomes play in the immune response.
Full browser ?