accommodation
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accommodation
[ah-kom″ah-da´shun]adjustment, especially adjustment of the eye for seeing objects at various distances. This is accomplished by the ciliary muscle, which controls the lens of the eye, allowing it to flatten or thicken as is needed for distant or near vision. 
Flattening and rounding of lens during accommodation.
absolute accommodation the accommodation of either eye separately.
amplitude of accommodation range of accommodation.
histologic accommodation changes in morphology and function of cells following changed conditions.
negative accommodation adjustment of the eye for long distances by relaxation of the ciliary muscle.
positive accommodation adjustment of the eye for short distances by contraction of the ciliary muscle.
Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
ac·com·mo·da·tion
(ă-kom'ŏ-dā'shŭn),1. The act or state of adjustment or adaptation.
2. In sensorimotor theory, the alteration of schemata or cognitive expectations to conform with experience.
[L. ac-commodo, pp. -atus, to adapt, fr. modus, a measure]
Farlex Partner Medical Dictionary © Farlex 2012
accommodation
(ə-kŏm′ə-dā′shən)n.
1. The act of accommodating or the state of being accommodated; adjustment.
2. Something that meets a need; a convenience.
3. accommodations
a. Room and board; lodgings.
b. A seat, compartment, or room on a public vehicle.
4. Reconciliation or settlement of opposing views.
5. Physiology The automatic adjustment in the focal length of the lens of the eye to permit retinal focus of images of objects at varying distances.
6. A financial favor, such as a loan.
The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
accommodation
Fringe ophthalmologyNear and far focusing—an exercise in Bates vision training, which consists of changing the point of focus from near to far distances multiple times.
Occupational medicine
The changes made by a person or organisation to a workplace to allow a person with disabilities to work there.
Ophthalmology
The automatic adjustment of the lens curvature, resulting in a change in the focal length of the eye, which brings images of objects from various distances into focus on the retina; the ability of the eye to focus at various distances, by changing lens shape.
Psychology
In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the change that occurs in an existing mental scheme or set of schemes due to assimilation of the experience of a new event or object.
Segen's Medical Dictionary. © 2012 Farlex, Inc. All rights reserved.
accommodation
Ophthalmology The automatic adjustment of the lens curvature, resulting in a change in the focal length of the eye, which brings images of objects from various distances into focus on the retina; the ability of the eye to focus at various distances, by changing lens shape. See Reasonable accommodations.McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ac·com·mo·da·tion
(ă-kom'ŏ-dā'shŭn)1. The act or state of adjustment or adaptation; especially change in the shape of the ocular lens for various focal distances.
2. sensorimotor theory The alteration of schemata or cognitive expectations to conform with experience.
3. The ability of the ciliary muscle to adjust the curvature of the lens, increasing it for near vision and decreasing it for distant vision.
[L. ac-commodo, pp. -atus, to adapt, fr. modus, a measure]
Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing © Farlex 2012
accommodation
The automatic process by which the eyes adjust their focus when the gaze is shifted from one point to another at a different distance. Accommodation is achieved by changing the degree of curvature of the internal crystalline lenses of the eyes. In youth, these are naturally elastic and become more curved when the pull on the ligament by which they are suspended is reduced by contraction of the surrounding muscle ring (CILIARY MUSCLE). This allows focusing on near objects. The elasticity of the lenses drops progressively with age so the power of accommodation lessens. In middle age PRESBYOPIA becomes apparent in all but the near-sighted.Collins Dictionary of Medicine © Robert M. Youngson 2004, 2005
Fig. 5 Accommodation . Accommodation in the vertebrate eye.
accommodation
- the process by which the focus of the eye changes so that both distant and near objects can be made sharp. In fish and amphibians this is achieved by moving the lens backwards and forwards; in birds, reptiles, humans and some other mammals the shape of the lens is changed by the CILIARY MUSCLES. When the ciliary muscles contract, the diameter reduces, the tension lessens on the ligaments and the lens thickens as it rounds off through its own elasticity, enabling the eye to focus on near objects. When the ciliary muscles relax, the diameter increases, the ligaments tighten, and the lens becomes stretched and thin and normally focuses on infinity. See Fig. 5 .
- the process by which the sensitivity of excitable membranes to DEPOLARIZATION during a NERVE IMPULSE depends upon the rate at which the current increases. As a result, greater depolarizations are required to produce an ACTION POTENTIAL when the current increases slowly than when there is a sudden increase in current.
Collins Dictionary of Biology, 3rd ed. © W. G. Hale, V. A. Saunders, J. P. Margham 2005
Accommodation
The ability of the lens to change its focus from distant to near objects. It is achieved through the action of the ciliary muscles that change the shape of the lens.
Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
accommodation
Adjustment of the dioptric power of the eye. It is generally involuntary and made to see objects clearly at any distance. In man (and primates), this adjustment is brought about by a change in the shape of the crystalline lens. In some animals this adjustment occurs either as a result of an anteroposterior movement of the crystalline lens, or of an alteration in the curvature of the cornea. See aniso-accommodation; ciliary muscle; accommodative reflex; Fincham's theory; Helmholtz's of accommodation theory.
amplitude of accommodation The maximum amount of accommodation A that the eye can exert. It is expressed in dioptres, as the difference between the far point and the near point measured with respect either to the spectacle plane or the corneal apex or some other reference point. Thus,
astigmatic accommodation Postulated unequal accommodation along different meridians of the eye attributed to a differential action of the ciliary muscle which would lead to a difference in the curvature of the surfaces of the crystalline lens along different meridians. Syn. meridional accommodation.
closed-loop accommodation Accommodation response to visual stimuli in normal viewing conditions. See open-loop accommodation.
components of accommodation The process of accommodation is assumed to involve four components: reflex, vergence (convergence), proximal and tonic accommodation (also called resting state of accommodation). See convergence accommodation; proximal accommodation; reflex accommodation; resting state of accommodation.
consensual accommodation Accommodation occurring in one eye when the other eye has received the dioptric stimulus.
convergence accommodation 1. Accommodation induced directly by a change in convergence. 2. That component of accommodation induced by the binocular disparity of the retinal images. Syn. vergence accommodation.
correction induced accommodation Ocular accommodation induced when changing from spectacles to contact lenses in near vision. Spectacles induce less accommodation in myopes and more accommodation in hyperopes than that exerted by an emmetrope fixating at a given distance. Contact lenses do not induce any different accommodation than that required for a given distance. Consequently, myopes require more accommodation and hyperopes less accommodation when they transfer from spectacles to contact lenses. However, this change in accommodative demand is accompanied by a similar change in convergence, so that a myope transferring to contact lenses accommodates and converges more than with spectacles and the reverse applies for a hyperope. See correction induced convergence.
far point of accommodation A point in space conjugate with the retina (more specifically the foveola) when the accommodation is relaxed. In emmetropia, the far point is at infinity; in myopia, it is at a finite distance in front of the eye; in hyperopia, it is a virtual point behind the eye (Fig. A4). Syn. far point of the eye; punctum remotum. See far point sphere.
ill-sustained accommodation See accommodative insufficiency.
inert accommodation See accommodative infacility.
insufficiency of accommodation See accommodative insufficiency.
lag of accommodation 1. The amount by which the accommodative response of the eye is less than the dioptric stimulus to accommodation, as usually occurs when fixating an object at near. It could be due to uncorrected hyperopia or indicate accommodative insufficiency. Absence of an accommodative lag may indicate latent hyperopia. Syn. lazy lag of accommodation. 2. The condition occurring in dynamic retinoscopy in which the neutral point is situated further from the eyes than is the retinoscopic target. See hyperopic defocus.
lead of accommodation The amount by which the accommodative response of the eye is greater than the dioptric stimulus to accommodation, as occurs when fixating at distance, in a few individuals. It can also occur as a result of a spasm of accommodation. See myopic defocus.
mechanism of accommodation Process by which the eye focuses onto an object. It does so by contracting the ciliary muscle which releases the tension on the zonular fibres, allowing the elastic lens capsule to increase its curvature, especially that of the front surface. Along with these changes are an increase in the thickness of the lens, a decrease in its equatorial diameter and a reduction in pupil size. The ciliary muscle is controlled by the parasympathetic system, which is triggered by an out of focus retinal image. See convergence accommodation; proximal accommodation; accommodative response; ciliary muscle; near reflex.
meridional accommodation See astigmatic accommodation.
microfluctuations of accommodation Involuntary variations in the contraction of the intraocular muscles responsible for accommodation and resulting in changes of about 0.1-0.5 D with a frequency of 0.5-2.5 Hz.
near point of accommodation The nearest point in space that is conjugate with the foveola when exerting the maximum accommodative effort. Syn. punctum proximum. See push-up method; near point rule; near point sphere; Scheiner's test.
negative accommodation 1. A relaxation of accommodation below the apparent zero level or when shifting from near to distance vision. 2. See relative amplitude of accommodation.
objective accommodation Accommodation measured without the subject's judgment. This is accomplished by dynamic retinoscopy, by autorefractors or by visually evoked cortical potentials. The term is sometimes used incorrectly to refer to the amplitude of accommodation without the influence of the depth of focus (e.g. as measured by stigmatoscopy). See subjective accommodation; optometer; evoked cortical potential; dynamic retinoscopy; stigmatoscopy.
ocular accommodation The amplitude of accommodation referred to the front surface of the cornea. Symbol: A. See spectacle accommodation.
open-loop accommodation Accommodative response occurring without the usual stimulus to accommodation, such as a blurred retinal image. In these conditions, the accommodative system of the eye tends to return to its position of rest (or tonic accommodation). Examples: looking at an empty field; looking through a very small artificial pupil (0.5 mm or less). See closed-loop accommodation.
paralysis of accommodation Total or partial loss of accommodation due to paralysis of the ciliary muscle.
positive accommodation Normal accommodation that occurs when looking from a distant to a near object.
proximal accommodation That component of accommodation initiated by the awareness of a near object. Syn. psychic accommodation. See components of accommodation; resting state of accommodation.
psychic accommodation See proximal accommodation.
range of accommodation The linear distance between the far point and the near point. Part of the range of accommodation is virtual in the case of the hypermetrope.
reflex accommodation An adjustment of the refractive state of the eye stimulated by blur and aimed at reducing blur. It may be initiated when the eye changes fixation from far to near, or it may be induced by convergence. The amount of reflex accommodation rarely exceeds 2 D. See components of accommodation; near reflex.
relative amplitude of accommodation The total amount of accommodation which the eye can exert while the convergence of the eyes is fixed. It can be positive (using concave lenses until the image blurs). This is called positive relative accommodation (PRA). It can be negative (using convex lenses until the image blurs). This is negative relative accommodation (NRA). See binocular vision single zone of clear.
reserve accommodation See near addition.
resting state of accommodation The passive state of accommodation of the eye in the absence of a stimulus, i.e. when the eye is either in complete darkness, or looking at a bright empty field. In this condition, the pre-presbyopic eye is usually focused at an intermediate point (about 80 cm on average, although there are large variations), that is, the emmetropic eye becomes myopic. This is presumably due to a balance between a parasympathetic innervation to the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle and a sympathetic innervation to the longitudinal fibres of the ciliary muscle. Thus, the resting state of accommodation would correspond to a position of equilibrium between the two systems. Accommodation from this state to the near point of accommodation would be the response to parasympathetic stimulation; and accommodation from this state to the far point of accommodation would be the response to sympathetic stimulation. Syn. dark accommodation; dark focus (these terms are not strictly synonymous but as they have been found to correlate well, they have been adopted as synonyms); tonic accommodation (TA). See accommodative hysteresis; night myopia; space myopia; tonus; tonic vergence.
spasm of accommodation Involuntary contraction of the ciliary muscle producing excess accommodation. It may be constant, intermittent, unilateral or bilateral. Patients typically complain of blurred distance vision and sometimes changes in perceived size of objects, and discomfort. If the patient is a low hyperope or emmetrope, it will give rise to pseudomyopia (false myopia, hypertonic myopia, spurious myopia). Diagnosis is facilitated by cycloplegic refraction to rule out latent hyperopia. Although spasm of accommodation can be a separate entity, it is often associated with excessive convergence (esotropia) and miosis; this is referred to as spasm of the near reflex. Management includes removal of the primary cause, if possible (e.g. uveitis, or patient taking parasympathomimetic drugs), correction of the underlying refraction, if any, changes in the visual working conditions, positive lenses, accommodative facility exercises and, only rarely, cycloplegics. See accommodative facility; metamor-phopsia.
spectacle accommodation The amplitude of accommodation referred to the spectacle plane. Symbol: As. See ocular accommodation.
subjective accommodation Measurement of the accommodation based on the subject's judgements, such as the push-up or push-out method or the minus lens method. See objective accommodation; minus lens method; push-up method.
tonic accommodation See resting state of accommodation.
vergence accommodation See convergence accommodation.
amplitude of accommodation The maximum amount of accommodation A that the eye can exert. It is expressed in dioptres, as the difference between the far point and the near point measured with respect either to the spectacle plane or the corneal apex or some other reference point. Thus,
A = K − B
where B is the near point vergence and K is the far point vergence. A is always positive. In the emmetropic eye, A = −B, because the far point is at infinity and K = 0. So, if the near point of an emmetrope is at 25 cm from the spectacle plane, the amplitude of accommodation is equal to − [−1/(25 ✕ 10−2)] = 4 D. The amplitude of accommodation declines from about 14 D at age 10 to about 0.5 D at age 60 (although the measured value is usually higher due to the depth of focus of the eye). See minus lens method; push-up method.astigmatic accommodation Postulated unequal accommodation along different meridians of the eye attributed to a differential action of the ciliary muscle which would lead to a difference in the curvature of the surfaces of the crystalline lens along different meridians. Syn. meridional accommodation.
closed-loop accommodation Accommodation response to visual stimuli in normal viewing conditions. See open-loop accommodation.
components of accommodation The process of accommodation is assumed to involve four components: reflex, vergence (convergence), proximal and tonic accommodation (also called resting state of accommodation). See convergence accommodation; proximal accommodation; reflex accommodation; resting state of accommodation.
consensual accommodation Accommodation occurring in one eye when the other eye has received the dioptric stimulus.
convergence accommodation 1. Accommodation induced directly by a change in convergence. 2. That component of accommodation induced by the binocular disparity of the retinal images. Syn. vergence accommodation.
correction induced accommodation Ocular accommodation induced when changing from spectacles to contact lenses in near vision. Spectacles induce less accommodation in myopes and more accommodation in hyperopes than that exerted by an emmetrope fixating at a given distance. Contact lenses do not induce any different accommodation than that required for a given distance. Consequently, myopes require more accommodation and hyperopes less accommodation when they transfer from spectacles to contact lenses. However, this change in accommodative demand is accompanied by a similar change in convergence, so that a myope transferring to contact lenses accommodates and converges more than with spectacles and the reverse applies for a hyperope. See correction induced convergence.
far point of accommodation A point in space conjugate with the retina (more specifically the foveola) when the accommodation is relaxed. In emmetropia, the far point is at infinity; in myopia, it is at a finite distance in front of the eye; in hyperopia, it is a virtual point behind the eye (Fig. A4). Syn. far point of the eye; punctum remotum. See far point sphere.
ill-sustained accommodation See accommodative insufficiency.
inert accommodation See accommodative infacility.
insufficiency of accommodation See accommodative insufficiency.
lag of accommodation 1. The amount by which the accommodative response of the eye is less than the dioptric stimulus to accommodation, as usually occurs when fixating an object at near. It could be due to uncorrected hyperopia or indicate accommodative insufficiency. Absence of an accommodative lag may indicate latent hyperopia. Syn. lazy lag of accommodation. 2. The condition occurring in dynamic retinoscopy in which the neutral point is situated further from the eyes than is the retinoscopic target. See hyperopic defocus.
lead of accommodation The amount by which the accommodative response of the eye is greater than the dioptric stimulus to accommodation, as occurs when fixating at distance, in a few individuals. It can also occur as a result of a spasm of accommodation. See myopic defocus.
mechanism of accommodation Process by which the eye focuses onto an object. It does so by contracting the ciliary muscle which releases the tension on the zonular fibres, allowing the elastic lens capsule to increase its curvature, especially that of the front surface. Along with these changes are an increase in the thickness of the lens, a decrease in its equatorial diameter and a reduction in pupil size. The ciliary muscle is controlled by the parasympathetic system, which is triggered by an out of focus retinal image. See convergence accommodation; proximal accommodation; accommodative response; ciliary muscle; near reflex.
meridional accommodation See astigmatic accommodation.
microfluctuations of accommodation Involuntary variations in the contraction of the intraocular muscles responsible for accommodation and resulting in changes of about 0.1-0.5 D with a frequency of 0.5-2.5 Hz.
near point of accommodation The nearest point in space that is conjugate with the foveola when exerting the maximum accommodative effort. Syn. punctum proximum. See push-up method; near point rule; near point sphere; Scheiner's test.
negative accommodation 1. A relaxation of accommodation below the apparent zero level or when shifting from near to distance vision. 2. See relative amplitude of accommodation.
objective accommodation Accommodation measured without the subject's judgment. This is accomplished by dynamic retinoscopy, by autorefractors or by visually evoked cortical potentials. The term is sometimes used incorrectly to refer to the amplitude of accommodation without the influence of the depth of focus (e.g. as measured by stigmatoscopy). See subjective accommodation; optometer; evoked cortical potential; dynamic retinoscopy; stigmatoscopy.
ocular accommodation The amplitude of accommodation referred to the front surface of the cornea. Symbol: A. See spectacle accommodation.
open-loop accommodation Accommodative response occurring without the usual stimulus to accommodation, such as a blurred retinal image. In these conditions, the accommodative system of the eye tends to return to its position of rest (or tonic accommodation). Examples: looking at an empty field; looking through a very small artificial pupil (0.5 mm or less). See closed-loop accommodation.
paralysis of accommodation Total or partial loss of accommodation due to paralysis of the ciliary muscle.
positive accommodation Normal accommodation that occurs when looking from a distant to a near object.
proximal accommodation That component of accommodation initiated by the awareness of a near object. Syn. psychic accommodation. See components of accommodation; resting state of accommodation.
psychic accommodation See proximal accommodation.
range of accommodation The linear distance between the far point and the near point. Part of the range of accommodation is virtual in the case of the hypermetrope.
reflex accommodation An adjustment of the refractive state of the eye stimulated by blur and aimed at reducing blur. It may be initiated when the eye changes fixation from far to near, or it may be induced by convergence. The amount of reflex accommodation rarely exceeds 2 D. See components of accommodation; near reflex.
relative amplitude of accommodation The total amount of accommodation which the eye can exert while the convergence of the eyes is fixed. It can be positive (using concave lenses until the image blurs). This is called positive relative accommodation (PRA). It can be negative (using convex lenses until the image blurs). This is negative relative accommodation (NRA). See binocular vision single zone of clear.
reserve accommodation See near addition.
resting state of accommodation The passive state of accommodation of the eye in the absence of a stimulus, i.e. when the eye is either in complete darkness, or looking at a bright empty field. In this condition, the pre-presbyopic eye is usually focused at an intermediate point (about 80 cm on average, although there are large variations), that is, the emmetropic eye becomes myopic. This is presumably due to a balance between a parasympathetic innervation to the circular fibres of the ciliary muscle and a sympathetic innervation to the longitudinal fibres of the ciliary muscle. Thus, the resting state of accommodation would correspond to a position of equilibrium between the two systems. Accommodation from this state to the near point of accommodation would be the response to parasympathetic stimulation; and accommodation from this state to the far point of accommodation would be the response to sympathetic stimulation. Syn. dark accommodation; dark focus (these terms are not strictly synonymous but as they have been found to correlate well, they have been adopted as synonyms); tonic accommodation (TA). See accommodative hysteresis; night myopia; space myopia; tonus; tonic vergence.
spasm of accommodation Involuntary contraction of the ciliary muscle producing excess accommodation. It may be constant, intermittent, unilateral or bilateral. Patients typically complain of blurred distance vision and sometimes changes in perceived size of objects, and discomfort. If the patient is a low hyperope or emmetrope, it will give rise to pseudomyopia (false myopia, hypertonic myopia, spurious myopia). Diagnosis is facilitated by cycloplegic refraction to rule out latent hyperopia. Although spasm of accommodation can be a separate entity, it is often associated with excessive convergence (esotropia) and miosis; this is referred to as spasm of the near reflex. Management includes removal of the primary cause, if possible (e.g. uveitis, or patient taking parasympathomimetic drugs), correction of the underlying refraction, if any, changes in the visual working conditions, positive lenses, accommodative facility exercises and, only rarely, cycloplegics. See accommodative facility; metamor-phopsia.
spectacle accommodation The amplitude of accommodation referred to the spectacle plane. Symbol: As. See ocular accommodation.
subjective accommodation Measurement of the accommodation based on the subject's judgements, such as the push-up or push-out method or the minus lens method. See objective accommodation; minus lens method; push-up method.
tonic accommodation See resting state of accommodation.
vergence accommodation See convergence accommodation.
Fig. A4 A hypermetropic eye H and a myopic eye M, fixating an object at the far point MR
| Table A2 Mean amplitude of accommodation as a function of age, in Caucasians (the plane of reference is the spectacle plane) | ||||
| age (years) | Duane (N 5 2000 subjects, push-up method) | Turner (Nh 5 500 subjects, push-out method) | ||
| 10 | 13.5 | 13.0 | ||
| 15 | 12.5 | 10.6 | ||
| 20 | 11.5 | 9.5 | ||
| 25 | 10.5 | 7.9 | ||
| 30 | 8.9 | 6.6 | ||
| 35 | 7.3 | 5.75 | ||
| 40 | 5.9 | 4.4 | ||
| 45 | 3.7 | 2.5 | ||
| 50 | 2.0 | 1.6 | ||
| 55 | 1.3 | 1.1 | ||
| 60 | 1.2 | 0.7 | ||
| 65 | 1.1 | 0.6 | ||
| 70 | 1.0 | 0.6 | ||
| Table A3 Relationship between viewing distance and spectacle and ocular accommodation of a contact lens wearer and of four corrected hyperopes (with thin spectacle lenses).The vertex distance was 14 mm and ocular accommodation was calculated using the formula A = K − B. The ocular accommodation exerted by a contact lens wearer is the same for all refractive errors and equal to that of an emmetrope | ||||||||||||
| distance from spectacle lens (cm) | spectacle accom. (D) | ocular accom. (D) of contact lens wearer | ocular accom. (D) of hyperopes | |||||||||
| +2 | +4 | +6 | +8 | |||||||||
| 67 | 1.49 | 1.46 | 1.55 | 1.64 | 1.74 | 1.86 | ||||||
| 50 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 2.06 | 2.18 | 2.31 | 2.46 | ||||||
| 40 | 2.50 | 2.42 | 2.55 | 2.71 | 2.87 | 3.05 | ||||||
| 33 | 3.03 | 2.91 | 3.07 | 3.25 | 3.45 | 3.67 | ||||||
| 25 | 4.00 | 3.79 | 4.00 | 4.24 | 4.49 | 4.77 | ||||||
| 20 | 5.00 | 4.67 | 4.94 | 5.22 | 5.54 | 5.88 | ||||||
| 16 | 6.25 | 5.75 | 6.07 | 6.42 | 6.80 | 7.22 | ||||||
| 14 | 7.14 | 6.49 | 6.86 | 7.25 | 7.68 | 8.14 | ||||||
| 12 | 8.33 | 7.46 | 7.88 | 8.32 | 8.81 | 9.34 | ||||||
| 10 | 10.00 | 8.77 | 9.25 | 9.77 | 10.34 | 10.95 | ||||||
| Table A4 Relationship between viewing distance and spectacle and ocular accommodation of a contact lens wearer and of five corrected myopes (with thin spectacle lenses). The vertex distance was 14 mm and ocular accommodation was calculated using the formula A = K − B. The ocular accommodation exerted by a contact lens wearer is the same for all refractive errors and equal to that of an emmetrope | |||||||||||||||
| distance from spectacle lens (cm) | spectacle accom. (D) | ocular accom. (D) of contact lens wearer | ocular accom. (D) of myopes | ||||||||||||
| −4 | −6 | −8 | −10 | −12 | |||||||||||
| 100 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.72 | ||||||||
| 67 | 1.49 | 1.46 | 1.31 | 1.25 | 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.07 | ||||||||
| 50 | 2.00 | 1.95 | 1.75 | 1.66 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 1.43 | ||||||||
| 40 | 2.50 | 2.42 | 2.17 | 2.06 | 1.96 | 1.87 | 1.78 | ||||||||
| 33 | 3.03 | 2.91 | 2.61 | 2.48 | 2.36 | 2.25 | 2.14 | ||||||||
| 25 | 4.00 | 3.79 | 3.41 | 3.24 | 3.08 | 2.93 | 2.80 | ||||||||
| 20 | 5.00 | 4.67 | 4.21 | 4.00 | 3.80 | 3.62 | 3.46 | ||||||||
| 16 | 6.25 | 5.75 | 5.18 | 4.92 | 4.69 | 4.47 | 4.26 | ||||||||
| 14 | 7.14 | 6.49 | 5.85 | 5.57 | 5.30 | 5.05 | 4.82 | ||||||||
| 12 | 8.33 | 7.46 | 6.73 | 6.40 | 6.10 | 5.82 | 5.55 | ||||||||
| 10 | 10.00 | 8.77 | 7.92 | 7.54 | 7.18 | 6.85 | 6.55 | ||||||||
Millodot: Dictionary of Optometry and Visual Science, 7th edition. © 2009 Butterworth-Heinemann
ac·com·mo·da·tion
(ă-kom'ŏ-dā'shŭn)1. Act or state of adjustment or adaptation.
2. In sensorimotor theory, the alteration of schemata or cognitive expectations to conform with experience.
[L. ac-commodo, pp. -atus, to adapt, fr. modus, a measure]
Medical Dictionary for the Dental Professions © Farlex 2012
Patient discussion about accommodation
Q. My mind is getting confused now and i am losing on my focus. why is this change happening in me? I am a bipolar for the past 1 year. With the help of the medicines my episodes has come down. My mood is good and stable. Even my friends say that I am well as compared to previous years. But since last week I am not able to sleep well. My disrupted and reduced sleep is making me stressed. I just get 2-3 hours of sleep at night. After my lunch my tiredness starts again. My mind is getting confused now and I am losing on my focus. Why is this change happening in me?
A. There are some possibilities that you are not taking your diet in time or your diet may not be nutritious as per your requirements. This can cause you to have increased stress and you can lose your sleep. This may increase the tiredness. Check if you are taking your medicines in right time. This can also be due to your stress. You may have stress due to your lifestyle too, which needs to be well managed in a healthy way. You can meet your doctor, as any increase in stress due to sleep deprivation can raise the chances of episodes to return back.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdO5m_mfaTQ&eurl=http://www.imedix.com/health_community/vYdO5m%5EmfaTQ_bipolar_disorder_facts?q=bipolar%20disorder&feature=player_embedded
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdO5m_mfaTQ&eurl=http://www.imedix.com/health_community/vYdO5m%5EmfaTQ_bipolar_disorder_facts?q=bipolar%20disorder&feature=player_embedded
Q. Is there a verity of exercises i can do with my child that would be helpful for him to be more focused and relaxed and by that help him to control the ADHD effects ?
A. from our experience - any activity is a good activity...if he feels hyperactive during homework or studying, going out and running around the block will be enough for him. if he can't do that, doing push ups, situps, and even jumping in one place can help- although i must say it is irritating as hell... try practicing also breathing techniques in order to relax.
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