chromosome

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chro·mo·some

(krō′mə-sōm′)

1. A linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information.

2. A circular strand of DNA in bacteria and archaea that contains the hereditary information necessary for cell life.

chro′mo·so′mal (-sō′məl), chro′mo·so′mic (-sō′mĭk) adj.

chro′mo·so′mal·ly adv.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

chromosome

(ˈkrəʊməˌsəʊm)

(Genetics) any of the microscopic rod-shaped structures that appear in a cell nucleus during cell division, consisting of nucleoprotein arranged into units (genes) that are responsible for the transmission of hereditary characteristics. See also homologous chromosomes

ˌchromoˈsomal adj

ˌchromoˈsomally adv

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

chro•mo•some

(ˈkroʊ məˌsoʊm)

n.

one of a set of threadlike structures, composed of DNA and a protein, that form in the nucleus when the cell begins to divide and that carry the genes which determine an individual's hereditary traits.

[< German Chromosom (1888); see chromo-, -some³]

chro`mo•so′mal, adj.

chro·mo·some

(krō′mə-sōm′)

A structure in all living cells that carries the genes that determine heredity. In all cells except bacterial cells, the chromosomes are thread-like strands of DNA and protein that are contained in the nucleus. They occur in pairs in all of the cells of eukaryotes except the reproductive cells. In bacterial cells, which have no nucleus, the chromosome is a circular strand of DNA located in the cytoplasm.

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition. Copyright © 2014 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

chromosome

1. A coiled thread of DNA found in the nucleus of a cell.

2. A rodlike body containing genes, and appearing in a cell nucleus as the cell divides.

ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:

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Noun

chromosome - a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; "humans have 22 chromosome pairs plus two sex chromosomes"

cell nucleus, karyon, nucleus - a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

nucleolar organiser, nucleolar organizer, nucleolus organiser, nucleolus organizer - the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after nuclear division

chromatin, chromatin granule - the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins; during mitotic division it condenses into chromosomes

cistron, gene, factor - (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity; "genes were formerly called factors"

sex chromosome - (genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; "mammals normally have two sex chromosomes"

autosome, somatic chromosome - any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa

chromatid - one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis

centromere, kinetochore - a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape; "the centromere is difficult to sequence"

acentric chromosome - a chromosome lacking a centromere

acrocentric chromosome - a chromosome with the centromere near one end so that one chromosomal arm is short and one is long

metacentric chromosome - a chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position

telocentric chromosome - a chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position

telomere - either (free) end of a eukaryotic chromosome; "telomeres act as caps to keep the sticky ends of chromosomes from randomly clumping together"

body - an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"

Translations

chromozom

kromosom

kromosomi

kromosom

litningur

cromosoma

chromosoom

chromosom

cromozom

хромосома

chromozóm

kromosom

kromozom

chromosome

[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] N → cromosoma m

Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

chromosome

[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] n → chromosome m

Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

chromosome

n → Chromosom nt

Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

chromosome

[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] n → cromosoma m

chro·mo·some

n. cromosoma, la parte dentro del núcleo de la célula que contiene los genes.

chromosome

n cromosoma m

References in periodicals archive ?

In particular, small terminal clusters of Spelt1 and Carmilla were observed in the long arm of chromosome 5 (Figure 2(e)); differences in homologous chromosome 5 morphology indicated heterozygosity for rearrangements in the C1 genome.

Transposable Elements in the Organization and Diversification of the Genome of Aegilops speltoides Tausch (Poaceae, Triticeae)

Transient homologous chromosome pairing marks the onset of X inactivation.

X chromosome inactivation in mammalian embryonic development/Inactivacion del cromosoma x en el desarrollo embrionario mamifero/Inativacao do cromossomo x no desenvolvimento embrionario dos mamiferos

Melanomas have also been shown to express meiosis specific proteins including SCP1 (homologous chromosome pairing) [16], HORMAD1 (meiotic synapse regulation) [17], SPO11 (double stranded DNA breaks) [18], and REC8 (meiosis cohesion protein) [2].

Potential role of meiosis proteins in melanoma chromosomal instability

Each homologous chromosome contains the same set of genes in the same locations along the chromosome, though they may appear in differing alleles, which can affect the passing of genetic traits.

Fruit fly chromosomes 'improve understanding of evolution and fertility'

The ideogram was drawing on the basis of the averaged length of each homologous chromosome pair (p) and their centromeric position.

Mitotic karyotype of the tropical freshwater crayfish procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi (Decapoda: Cambaridae)

The notation AB/ab signifies that the dominant alleles (A,B) of two different gene loci are on one chromosome and the recessive alleles (a,b) are on the homologous chromosome. With complete linkage, a double heterozygote (AB/ab) would produce only two types of gametes:

A tutorial in genetic epidemiology and some considerations in statistical modeling

Among the [F.sub.2] hybrids, the deviation of the heterozygous dominance effect for a CS-B line and a cultivar from the heterozygous dominance for TM-1 line and the same cultivar can be considered as due to the allelic interactions between the substituted chromosome or the chromosome arm from 3-79 in the CS-B line and the homologous chromosome or arm in the respective cultivar.

Genetic effects of thirteen Gossypium barbadense L. chromosome substitution lines in topcrosses with upland cotton cultivars: I. Yield and yield components

Further, it has recently been shown that the homologous chromosome arms of Hordeum marinum Hudson carrying rDNA segments have a lower chiasma frequency than all other chromosome arms (I.

A critical review of concepts and methods used in classical genome analysis

Chromosome pairing in the amphiploid hybrid suggests that when the exact homologous chromosome is present, preferential pairing will occur.

Characterization of amphiploid hybrids between bluebunch and thickspike wheatgrasses

Moreover, the banding patterns were consistent between members of homologous chromosome pairs.

Restriction enzyme digestion chromosome banding on two commercially important venerid bivalve species: ruditapes decussatus and Cerastoderma edule

Nevertheless, in nature there may be breakdown of strict homologous chromosome pairing, and the wheat and jointed goatgrass hybrids may exhibit an array of chromosome numbers (Zemetra et al., 1998) depending on the number of promoter or suppressor genes for homeologous chromosome pairing.

Hybridization and introgression between bread wheat and wild and weedy relatives in North America

Efficacy of the image analysis system for differentiating among homologous chromosome sets averaged across four nondormant alfalfa germplasm populations.