Edward Gibbon
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Edward Gibbon | |
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Birthplace | Putney, Surrey, England |
Died |
Gibbon, Edward
Bibliography
See his collected letters (ed. by J. E. Norton, 3 vol., 1956); biographies by J. W. Swain (1966), G. De Beer (1968), P. B. Craddock (1982, 1988), and J. W. Burrow (1985); studies by D. P. Jordan (1971) and R. N. Parkinson (1974).
Gibbon, Edward
Born Apr. 27, 1737, in the county of Surrey; died Jan. 16, 1794, in London. English historian.
Edward Gibbon’s major work, A History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (translated into Russian by V. N. Nevedomskii, 1883-86), consists of an exposition, based on a detailed study of sources, of the political history of the Roman Empire and Byzantium from the end of the second century up to 1453 (the fall of Constantinople), with digressions into the history of Russia and of the Middle Ages in Western Europe. Gibbon saw the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire as being the increased arbitrariness and despotism of the emperors (who suppressed the initiative and self-reliance of the masses), the financial oppression and coercion practiced by the imperial bureaucracy, and the weakening of discipline within the army, which was unable to defend the state against the barbarians. In Gibbon’s opinion, the fall of the empire was accelerated by the spread of Christianity, which killed the spirit of patriotism and civic duty. Gibbon attempted to review the development of the Christian church. The ideas of the 18th-century Enlightenment were reflected in his work.
WORKS
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vols. 1-7. London, 1903-06.REFERENCES
Kosminskii, E. A. Istoriografiia srednikh vekov, V v.-ser. XIX v.: Lektsii. [Moscow] 1963. Pages 247-49.Liutov, M. M. Zhizn’ i trudy Gibbona, 2nd ed. St. Petersburg, 1900.
Zhebelev, S. A. Drevnii Rim, part 2. Petrograd, 1923.
Bond, H. L. The Literary Art of Edward Gibbon. Oxford, 1960.
A. G. BOKSHCHANIN