LM

In this case, the complex propagation constant of the leaky mode, k(x) = [beta](x)-j[alpha](x), changes along the rectilinear guiding structure (v-axis), so building up the required phase-conjugated distribution profile on the antenna radiating aperture.

From the [omega]-[beta] diagram, endfire radiated RH leaky mode is achieved where [beta] = +[k.sub.0].

When a narrow-beam 2-D LWA is designed, the attenuation constant of the leaky mode responsible of radiation is small, and hence the leaky mode extends to appreciable distances from the source, in terms of free-space wavelengths, before being sufficiently attenuated to achieve typical radiation efficiencies (e.g., 90%) [27].

He covers guided and leaky mode propagation in periodic surroundings, demonstrates formulation of the periodic system and applications to electromagnetic and optical devices, and introduces the evolution of periodic structures and their applications in microwave, millimeterwave, and THz.

WE2A-1: Leaky Mode Missing from EM Simulators for Planar Circuits

However the bandwidth of the ultra- slow leaky mode for all these applications is limited in a narrow range, and the group velocity dispersion (GVD) shows quick variation near the slow points.

In particular, in Figure 3, the exact results are compared with the approximate asymptotic ones for the TM leaky mode. The asymptotic approximate expression (28) is seen to be very accurate in a wide range of values of [[bar.B].sub.f], starting approximately from [[bar.B].sub.f] = 10.

A dominant leaky mode that can exist in such a structure results in undesirable crosstalk and spurious performance.

Subsequently, Oliner and Lee proposed the complex propagation constant theory of the leaky mode in 1986 [2].

Tzuang, "High Efficiency and Broadband Excitation of Leaky Mode in Microstrip Structures," presented at the 1999 IEEE MTT-S, Anaheim, CA.

Spectral element computation of high-frequency leaky modes in three-dimensional solid waveguides.

Numerical results for composite right/left-handed waveguides and for the leaky modes of a grounded dielectric slab are presented.