national parks and monuments
(redirected from Barataria Preserve)national parks and monuments
national parks and monuments. The National Park Service, a bureau of the U.S. Dept. of the Interior, was established in 1916 to oversee the administration of 40 national parks and monuments under the charge of the department. The National Park System now comprises more than 400 areas of scenic, historic, or scientific interest totaling more than 84 million acres (34 million hectares). The units are classified into natural, historical, recreational, and cultural groupings to facilitate park management and to identify areas by their prominent characteristics. The National Park Service has seven regional offices—in Anchorage, Alaska; Atlanta; Denver; Philadelphia; Omaha, Nebr.; San Francisco; and Washington, D.C. Instructed by an act of Congress to “conserve the natural and historic objects in such manner as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations,” the National Park Service has varied responsibilities, directing a wide program of construction in addition to educational and protective work.
Congress laid the foundation of the National Park System in 1872 when it established Yellowstone National Park. It then accelerated expansion of the system in 1906 with the passage of the Antiquities Act, which permitted the president to proclaim national historic landmarks, structures, and “other objects of historic and scientific interest” on federal lands. The authority created by this act has been used by presidents to establish more than 100 national monuments, some of which have since been designated by Congress as national parks. Until 1925, when an act was passed authorizing acceptance of donated land, nearly all of the National Park System was carved from public lands. In 1933 the National Park Service was given trusteeship over areas previously under the jurisdiction of the Agriculture and War depts. Congress has since authorized the preservation of significant historic sites and the establishment of national memorials, national historical parks, national parkways, national lakeshores and seashores, national recreation areas, national military parks and battlefields, national rivers and wild, scenic, and recreationals rivers and riverways, national scenic and historic trails, and national preserves. Not all of these areas are managed by the National Park Service; some national monuments, for example, are managed by the Bureau of Land Management (see Interior, U.S. Department of the), the Forest Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and other federal agencies. See the National Parks and Monuments table. See also National Forest System; National Marine Sanctuary Program; wilderness; wildlife refuge.
Bibliography
See publications of the U.S. National Park Service; J. Muir, Our National Parks (1901, repr. 1988); F. E. Allen, Guide to the National Parks of America (1992).
National Parks and Monuments
(table)National Parks and Monuments
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham Lincoln Birthplace | HP | Central Ky. | 1916 | 344.5 (139) | Traditional birthplace cabin in memorial building on site of Lincoln's birthplace. |
| Acadia | NP | SE Maine | 1919 | 49,075 (19,868) | Mountain and coast scenery. |
| Adams | HP | E Mass. | 1946 | 23.82 (10) | Home of Presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and other members of the family. |
| African Burial Ground | MO | SE N.Y. | 2006 | .35 (.14) | Burial ground for free and enslaved Africans in the 1600s and 1700s. |
| Agate Fossil Beds | MO | NW Nebr. | 1965 | 3,058 (1,238) | World-famous quarries containing numerous well-preserved Miocene mammal fossils; museum of Native American artifacts. |
| Agua Fria | MO | Central Ariz. | 2000 | 71,100 (28,796) | A Native American settlement system dating to A.D. 1250–1450, spread over two mesas and the Agua Fria River canyon; more than 450 sites with pueblos, stone forts, and petroglyphs. |
| Alagnak | WS | SW Alaska | 1980 | 30,665 (12,415) | White water and salmon fishing. |
| Aleutian Islands World War II | MO | SW Alaska | 2019 | 4,950 (2,004) | World War II sites on three Aleutian Islands. |
| Alibates Flint Quarries | MO | NW Tex. | 1965 | 1,371 (555) | Flint quarries, first worked by Native Americans c.10,000 years ago; rich archaeological and historic area. |
| Allegheny Portage Railroad | HS | SW Pa. | 1964 | 1,284 (520) | Inclined-plane railroad that lifted passengers and cargoes of boats on the Pennsylvania Canal over the Allegheny Mts. |
| American Samoa | NP | American Samoa | 1988 | 13,500 (5,466) | Two rain forest preserves and a coral reef. |
| Amistad | RA | S Tex. | 1965 | 58,500 (23,693) | U.S. part of Amistad Reservoir, on the Rio Grande. |
| Andersonville | HS | SW Ga. | 1970 | 516 (209) | Civil War prison camp and national prisoner of war memorial. See under Andersonville. |
| Andrew Johnson | HS | NE Tenn. | 1935 | 17 (7) | Home, shop, and grave of President Andrew Johnson; site includes Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. |
| Aniakchak | MR | SW Alaska | 1978 | 601,294 (243,439) | Volcano; wilderness and wildlife preserve. |
| Antietam | BF | Central Md. | 1890 | 3,231 (1,308) | See Antietam campaign. Antietam (Sharpsburg) National Cemetery adjoins the park. |
| Apostle Islands | LS | NW Wis. | 1970 | 69,377 (28,078) | Apostle Islands and a strip of the Bayfield Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake Superior. |
| Appalachian | ST | Maine, N.H., Vt., Mass., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Md., W.Va., Va., Tenn., N.C., Ga. | 1968 | 239,605 (97,006) | See Appalachian Trail. |
| Appomattox Court House | HP | S central Va. | 1930 | 1,775 (719) | Site of Lee's surrender to Grant. See under Appomattox, Va. |
| Arches | NP | E Utah | 1929 | 76,679 (31,044) | Giant arches formed by erosion; designated a national park in 1971. |
| Arkansas Post | MM | SE Ark. | 1960 | 758 (307) | Site of the first permanent French settlement in the lower Mississippi valley. See Arkansas Post. |
| Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial | MM | NE Va. | 1925 | 28 (11) | Former home of the Custis and Lee families; memorial to Robert E. Lee. |
| Assateague Island | SS | Md., Va. | 1965 | 41,347 (16,740) | 37-mi (60-km) barrier island; beaches; wildlife refuge including wild ponies. |
| Aztec Ruins | MO | NW N.Mex. | 1923 | 318 (129) | Ruins of a Pueblo town. |
| Badlands | NP | SW S.Dak. | 1929 | 242,756 (98,282) | Gullies, ridges, and other erosional landforms; fossils. See badlands. |
| Bandelier | MO | N N.Mex. | 1916 | 33,677 (13,634) | Ruins of 13th-century Pueblo cliff dwellings. |
| Belmont-Paul Women's Equality | MO | Washington, D.C. | 2016 | .34 (.13) | Sewall-Belmont House and Museum, headquarters of the National Woman's party. |
| Bent's Old Fort | HS | SE Colo. | 1960 | 799 (323) | Fur-trading post and rest station on the Santa Fe Trail; built c.1830 by Charles Bent and William Bent. See Bent's Fort. |
| Bering Land Bridge | PS | NW Alaska | 1978 | 2,697,391 (1,092,061) | Remnant of land bridge that connected Alaska with Asia. |
| Big Bend | NP | W Tex. | 1935 | 801,163 (324,357) | Canyons and desert plain on the Rio Grande; Chisos Mts. Designated a national park in 1944. |
| Big Cypress | PA | S Fla. | 1974 | 720,564 (291,726) | Subtropical plant and animal life; ancestral home of Seminole and Miccosukee peoples. |
| Big Hole | BF | SW Mont. | 1910 | 976 (395) | Scene of 1877 battle between U.S. troops and Nez Percé led by Chief Joseph. |
| Bighorn Canyon | RA | Mont., Wyo. | 1966 | 120,296 (48,702) | Yellowtail Dam and spectacular Bighorn Canyon, on the Bighorn River. |
| Big South Fork | RR | Ky., Tenn. | 1976 | 123,694 (50,079) | Scenic gorges and valleys. |
| Big Thicket | PS | SE Tex. | 1974 | 113,122 (45,798) | Large number of plant and animal species in a convergence of ecosystems. |
| Birmingham Civil Rights | MO | Central Ala. | 2017 | 18 (7) | Commemorates work of the civil rights movement in Birmingham. |
| Biscayne | NP | SE Fla. | 1968 | 172,971 (70,029) | Aquatic park encompassing 25 islands. Example of a living coral reef; includes part of Biscayne Bay. Designated a national park in 1980. |
| Black Canyon of the Gunnison | NP | W Colo. | 1933 | 30,780 (12,462) | Deep, narrow canyon of the Gunnison River, named for its dark-colored walls, which are always in shadow. Designated a national park in 1999. |
| Blackstone River Valley | HP | Mass., R.I. | 2014 | 1,489 (603) | Historic industrial sites in the Blackstone River Valley. |
| Blue Ridge | PW | Va., N.C. | 1936 | 98,911 (40,045) | Scenic route in the Blue Ridge Mts. between Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mts. national parks; many roadside parks, lookouts, and trails; the first national parkway. |
| Bluestone | WS | SW W.Va. | 1988 | 4,310 (1,745) | Fishing, hiking, boating, and scenery. |
| Booker T. Washington | MO | Central Va. | 1956 | 239 (97) | Birthplace and childhood home of Booker T. Washington. |
| Boston | HP | E Mass. | 1974 | 44 (18) | Many sites include Old South Meeting House, the home of Paul Revere, obelisk commemorating the Battle of Bunker Hill, and part of the Charlestown Navy Yard. |
| Boston African American | HS | E Mass. | 1980 | .59 (.24) | Oldest African-American church in the United States and the Black Heritage Trail. |
| Boston Harbor Islands | RA | E Mass. | 1996 | 1,482 (600) | More than 30 islands off the Greater Boston coast. |
| Brices Cross Roads | BS | NE Miss. | 1929 | 1 (.4) | Site of a rout of Union troops by Confederate cavalry under General N. B. Forrest (June 10, 1864). |
| Brown v. Board of Education | HS | NE Kansas | 1992 | 2 (.8) | See Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans. |
| Bryce Canyon | NP | SW Utah | 1924 | 35,835 (14,508) | Colored rock walls and columnar rock formations along the edge of a plateau. |
| Buck Island Reef | MO | Buck Island, Virgin Islands | 1961 | 19,015 (7,698) | One of the finest marine gardens in the Caribbean; bird rookeries and grottoes. |
| Buffalo | RI | NW Ark. | 1972 | 94,293 (38,175) | 136-mi (219-km) stretch of the Buffalo River and its valley; the first national river. |
| Cabrillo | MO | SW Calif. | 1913 | 160 (65) | Memorial to Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. |
| California | HT | Missouri River to Calif. and Oreg. | 1992 | … | Former migration route extending 5,600 mi (9,010 km) from the Missouri River to California and Oregon. |
| California Coastal | MO | W Calif. | 2000 | 6,230 (2,522) | Thousands of islands, rocks, and reefs within 12 mi (19 km) of California's 840-mi (1,350-km) coastline as well as Point Arena-Stornetta on the mainland; includes nesting grounds of seabirds and marine mammals. |
| Camp Nelson Heritage | MO | Central Ky. | 2018 | 525 (213) | Union Civil War supply depot, hospital, and training center for African-American troops. |
| Canaveral | SS | E Fla. | 1975 | 57,662 (23,345) | Barrier island dunes and marshland that includes a wildlife refuge. |
| Cane River Creole | HP | SE La. | 1994 | 206 (83) | Plantations and other sites associated with the development of Creole culture. |
| Canyon de Chelly | MO | NE Ariz. | 1931 | 83,840 (33,943) | Ruins of prehistoric Native American villages. |
| Canyonlands | NP | SE Utah | 1964 | 337,598 (136,679) | Rocks, spires, and mesas; Native American rock art and ruins. |
| Canyons of the Ancients | MO | SW Colo. | 2000 | 176,000 (71,255) | Rugged landscape that is archaeologically rich, with some sites dating to 10,000 years ago; later pit houses, cliff dwellings, and pueblos. |
| Cape Cod | SS | SE Mass. | 1961 | 43,608 (17,655) | See Cape Cod. |
| Cape Hatteras | SS | E N.C. | 1937 | 30,351 (12,288) | The first national seashore. See under Hatteras, Cape. |
| Cape Krusenstern | MO | Alaska | 1978 | 649,096 (262,792) | Archaeological sites of indigenous communities dating back 4,000 years. |
| Cape Lookout | SS | E N.C. | 1966 | 28,243 (11,434) | Three barrier islands with beaches, sand dunes, and salt marshes; Cape Lookout Lighthouse. |
| Capitol Reef | NP | S Utah | 1937 | 241,905 (97,937) | Highly colored sandstone cliffs dissected by gorges; named for a white, dome-shaped rock formation. |
| Capulin Volcano | MO | NE N.Mex. | 1916 | 793 (321) | Huge cinder cone of inactive volcano. |
| Carl Sandburg Home | HS | SW N.C. | 1968 | 268 (109) | Farm home of author Carl Sandburg. |
| Carlsbad Caverns | NP | SE N.Mex. | 1923 | 46,766 (18,934) | Great limestone caverns. Designated a national park in 1930. |
| Carrizo Plain | MO | W central Calif. | 2001 | 204,107 (82,634) | Grasslands and wetlands, including akali Soda Lake, in Central Valley. Home to threatened or endangered species. |
| Carter G. Woodson | HS | Washington, D.C. | 2006 | .15 (.06) | Home of Carter G. Woodson, African-American historian and educator. |
| Casa Grande Ruins | MO | S Ariz. | 1892 | 473 (191) | Huge building built c.600 years ago and other Ancestral Sonoran adobe ruins. |
| Cascade-Siskiyou | MO | S central Oreg. | 2000 | 114,000 (46,154) | A biologically diverse and ecologically unique area that also includes Soda Mountain, Pilot Rock, and Siskiyou Pass. |
| Castillo de San Marcos | MO | NE Fla. | 1924 | 19 (8) | Old Spanish masonry fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Castle Clinton | MO | SE N.Y. | 1946 | 1 (.4) | See Battery, the. |
| Catoctin Mountain Park | PO | NW Md. | 1936 | 5,891 (2,385) | Campgrounds, trails, and scenic drive located in the Catoctin Mts.; Camp David, the presidential retreat, is there. |
| Cedar Breaks | MO | SW Utah | 1933 | 6,155 (2,492) | Amphitheater (2,000 ft/610 m deep) formed by erosion. |
| Cedar Creek and Belle Grove | MO | N Va. | 2002 | 3,707 (1,501) | Site of a Civil War battle and Belle Grove Plantation. |
| César E. Chávez | MO | S. Calif. | 2002 | 117 (47) | Home and gravesite of César Chávez and United Farm Workers headquarters. |
| Chaco Culture | HP | NW N.Mex. | 1907 | 33,960 (13,749) | 13 pre-Columbian ruins of the Ancestral Pueblo peoples, representing the highest point of Ancestral Pueblo civilization (A.D. 850–1100). |
| Chamizal | MM | W Tex. | 1966 | 55 (22) | Memorializes the peaceful settlement of the 99-year border dispute between the United States and Mexico. |
| Channel Islands | NP | SW Calif. | 1938 | 249,561 (101,037) | Part of the Channel Islands. Nesting sea birds, sea lions, island fox, and unique plants. |
| Charles Pinckney | HS | SE S.C. | 1988 | 28 (11) | Home and estate of American diplomat and framer of the Constitution. |
| Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers | MO | SW Ohio | 2013 | 60 (24) | Home of Colonel Charles Young, a buffalo soldier and the first African-American army colonel. |
| Chattahoochie River | RA | Georgia | 1978 | 11,254 (4,556) | Series of historic and recreational sites along the Chattahoochie River. |
| Chesapeake and Ohio Canal | HP | D.C., Md., W.Va. | 1938 | 19,612 (7,940) | See Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. |
| Chickamauga and Chattanooga | MP | Ga., Tenn. | 1890 | 9,523 (3,855) | Civil War battle sites; first national military park. |
| Chickasaw | RA | S Okla. | 1976 | 9,899 (4,008) | Mineral springs, streams, and lakes. Name honors Chickasaw Nation; combination of former Platt National Park and Arbuckle National Recreation Area. |
| Chiricahua | MO | SE Ariz. | 1924 | 12,025 (4,868) | Unusual rock formations. |
| Christiansted | HS | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | 1952 | 27 (11) | Commemorates the Virgin Islands' colonial development, especially under Danish rule in the 18th and 19th cent. |
| City of Rocks | NR | Idaho | 1988 | 14,407 (5,833) | Granite spires, sculptured rock formations. |
| Clara Barton | HS | S Md. | 1974 | 9 (4) | Home and offices of the founder of the American Red Cross. |
| Colonial | HP | SE Va. | 1930 | 8,677 (3,513) | Historic Yorktown, Jamestown, and Cape Henry. Colonial Parkway connects some sites with Williamsburg. |
| Colorado | MO | W Colo. | 1911 | 20,536 (8,314) | Huge monoliths and other unusual erosional features. |
| Congaree | NP | Central S.C. | 1976 | 26,640 (10,785) | Last significant tract of southern bottomland hardwood forest in the United States. |
| Constitution Gardens | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1978 | 39 (16) | Memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Continental Divide | ST | Mont., Idaho, Wyo., Colo., N.Mex. | 1978 | … | Runs the length of much of the Rocky Mountains; 3,100 mi (4,988 km) long. |
| Coronado | MM | SE Ariz. | 1952 | 4,830 (1,955) | Area near Francisco Vásquez de Coronado's point of entry (1540) into the United States. |
| Cowpens | BF | NW S.C. | 1929 | 842 (341) | Site of an American militia victory over British infantry and cavalry forces in the Revolutionary battle of Cowpens (Jan. 17, 1781). |
| Crater Lake | NP | SW Oreg. | 1902 | 183,224 (74,180) | Blue lake in a volcanic crater. |
| Craters of the Moon | MR | S Idaho | 1924 | 752,378 (304,606) | Volcanic cones, craters, and fissures, and lava fields. |
| Cumberland Gap | HP | Ky., Tenn., Va. | 1940 | 24,547 (9,938) | Mountain pass of the Wilderness Road. See Cumberland Gap. |
| Cumberland Island | SS | SE Ga. | 1972 | 36,347 (14,715) | Largest island off Georgia; beaches, sand dunes, marshes, and lakes. |
| Curecanti | RA | E Colo. | 1965 | 43,591 (17,648) | Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal reservoirs in the upper Black Canyon of the Gunnison. |
| Cuyahoga Valley | NP | NE Ohio | 1974 | 32,572 (13,187) | Preserves rural character of the Cuyahoga River valley. |
| Dayton Aviation Heritage | HP | W Ohio | 1992 | 111 (45) | Honors life and work of the Wright brothers, as well as poet Paul Laurence Dunbar. |
| Death Valley | NP | SE Calif., SW Nev. | 1933 | 3,372,981 (1,365,579) | Lowest point in Western Hemisphere; desert environment. |
| Delaware Water Gap | RA | N.J., Pa. | 1965 | 68,664 (27,799) | Scenic Delaware Water Gap. |
| Denali | PP | S Alaska | 1917 | 6,075,029 (2,459,526) | Contains Denali (Mt. McKinley), North America's highest mountain (20,310 ft/6,190 m); wildlife preserve. |
| De Soto | MM | W Fla. | 1948 | 30 (12) | Commemorates the landing (1539) of Hernando De Soto in Florida and his exploration of the S United States. |
| Devils Postpile | MO | E Calif. | 1911 | 800 (324) | Basaltic columns, some 60 ft (18 m) high. |
| Devils Tower | MO | NE Wyo. | 1906 | 1,347 (545) | Volcanic rock tower; first national monument. |
| Dinosaur | MO | Colo., Utah | 1915 | 210,282 (85,134) | Rich quarries of well-preserved fossils. |
| Dry Tortugas | NP | S Fla. | 1935 | 64,701 (26,195) | Contains Fort Jefferson, the largest all-masonry fort in the Western Hemisphere, built 1846. See Dry Tortugas. |
| Ebey's Landing | NR | Whidbey Island, Wash. | 1978 | 19,334 (7,828) | Records exploration and settlement of Puget Sound. |
| Edgar Allan Poe | HS | SE Pa. | 1978 | .52 (.21) | In 1843, Poe lived here and wrote several of his most famous stories. |
| Effigy Mounds | MO | NE Iowa | 1949 | 2,526 (1,023) | Outstanding examples of prehistoric Native American mounds. |
| Eisenhower | HS | S Pa. | 1969 | 690 (279) | Home and farm of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | HS | S N.Y. | 1977 | 181 (73) | Her personal retreat including two restored buildings, tennis court, rose garden, and playhouse. |
| El Malpais | MO | N.Mex. | 1987 | 114,347 (46,294) | In English, “the badlands”; volcanic area; also rich in Pueblo history. |
| El Morro | MO | W N.Mex. | 1906 | 1,279 (518) | Sandstone monolith with inscriptions of Spanish explorers and American pioneers. |
| Eugene O'Neill | HS | N Calif. | 1976 | 13 (5) | Restored home of the playwright. |
| Everglades | PE | S Fla. | 1934 | 1,508,939 (610,906) | Subtropical wilderness with prairies, mangroves, great variety of birds. See Everglades. |
| Federal Hall | MM | SE N.Y. | 1939 | .45 (.18) | Site of the first seat of the federal government and George Washington's inauguration (1789). |
| Fire Island | SS | SE N.Y. | 1964 | 19,581 (7,928) | Covers section of Fire Island. |
| First Ladies | HS | NE Ohio | 2000 | .46 (.19) | Home of Ida Saxton McKinley; honors all U.S. first ladies. |
| First State | HP | Del., Pa. | 2013 | 1,155 (468) | Site relating to Delaware's ratification of the Constitution and to Delaware Valley history. |
| Flight 93 | MM | SW Pa. | 2002 | 2,319 (939) | See Flight 93 National Memorial. |
| Florida | ST | S Fla. | 1983 | … | Subtropical plant and animal life along 1,300-mi (2,092-km) trail. |
| Florissant Fossil Beds | MO | Central Colo. | 1969 | 5,998 (2,428) | Well-preserved insect, seed, and leaf fossils of the Oligocene period; petrified sequoia tree stumps. |
| Ford's Theatre | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1970 | .30 (.12) | Site of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination and death; includes the Lincoln Museum. |
| Fort Bowie | HS | SE Ariz. | 1964 | 999 (404) | Ruins of a fort (est. 1862) that was the base of military operations against Geronimo and his followers. |
| Fort Caroline | MM | NE Fla. | 1950 | 138 (56) | Area overlooking the site of Fort Caroline. |
| Fort Davis | HS | W Tex. | 1961 | 523 (212) | Key post in the defensive system of W Texas, guarding (1854–91) the San Antonio–El Paso road through the Davis Mts. |
| Fort Donelson | BF | NW Tenn. | 1928 | 1,319 (534) | Site of first Union Army victory; Civil War cemetery. |
| Fort Frederica | MO | SE Ga. | 1936 | 284 (115) | Ruins of a fort built by James Oglethorpe on one of the Sea Islands. |
| Fort Laramie | HS | SE Wyo. | 1938 | 873 (353) | Buildings of an old fort on the Oregon Trail. |
| Fort Larned | HS | Central Kansas | 1964 | 718 (291) | Protected the Santa Fe Trail; served as a military base during the Plains War (1860s) and later as an Indian Bureau administrative center. |
| Fort McHenry | MO | N Md. | 1925 | 43 (17) | See Fort McHenry. |
| Fort Matanzas | MO | NE Fla. | 1924 | 300 (121) | Spanish fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Fort Monroe | MO | SE Va. | 2011 | 367 (149) | See Fort Monroe. |
| Fort Necessity | BF | SW Pa. | 1931 | 903 (366) | George Washington's troops defeated here in 1754. |
| Fort Point | HS | W Calif. | 1970 | 29 (12) | Brick and granite mid-19th-century coastal fortification. |
| Fort Pulaski | MO | SE Ga. | 1924 | 5,623 (2,277) | Fort on Cockspur Island. See Fort Pulaski. |
| Fort Raleigh | HS | NE N.C. | 1941 | 513 (208) | Site of the first attempted settlement by the English in North America. See Roanoke Island. |
| Fort Scott | HS | SE Kansas | 1965 | 17 (7) | Commemorates historic events in Kansas prior to and during the Civil War. |
| Fort Smith | HS | NW Ark. | 1961 | 75 (30) | One of the first U.S. military posts in the Louisiana Purchase; maintained law and order in the Oklahoma Territory. See Fort Smith, Ark. |
| Fort Stanwix | MO | Central N.Y. | 1935 | 16 (6) | See Fort Stanwix. |
| Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie | HP | SE S.C. | 1948 | 235 (95) | Scene of the engagement that opened the Civil War. See Fort Sumter; Fort Moultrie. |
| Fort Union | MO | NW N.Mex. | 1954 | 721 (292) | Ruins of a U.S. army fort on the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Fort Union Trading Post | HS | N.Dak., Mont. | 1966 | 440 (178) | American Fur Company trading post during the 19th cent. |
| Fort Vancouver | HS | SW Wash. | 1948 | 207 (84) | Site of a Hudson's Bay Company post (1825–49) and later of a U.S. army fort. |
| Fort Washington Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1930 | 341 (138) | 19th-century fort. |
| Fossil Butte | MO | W Wyo. | 1972 | 8,198 (3,319) | Area containing Paleocene–Eocene fossil fish. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1997 | 8 (3) | Monument to Roosevelt on the Mall in the nation's capital. |
| Frederick Douglass | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1962 | 9 (4) | Home of the abolitionist and writer; contains original furnishings, photographs, lithographs, and his library. |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | HS | E Mass. | 1979 | 7 (3) | Site of Olmsted's home and business containing lithographs and original furnishings. |
| Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania | MP | NE Va. | 1927 | 8,405 (3,403) | Contains portions of four major Civil War battlefields (see Fredericksburg, battle of) and a national cemetery. |
| Freedom Riders | MO | NE Ala. | 2017 | 6 (2) | Sites of mob attacks against an integrated group of Freedom Riders. |
| Friendship Hill | HS | SW Pa. | 1978 | 675 (273) | Home of Albert Gallatin, U.S. secretary of the treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. |
| Gates of the Arctic | PP | N Alaska | 1978 | 8,472,506 (3,430,164) | Vast wilderness within the Arctic Circle. |
| Gateway | RA | N.Y., N.J. | 1972 | 26,607 (10,772) | Beaches, marshes, islands, and waters in and around New York City. One of the first two national urban recreation areas. |
| Gateway Arch | NP | E Mo. | 1935 | 193 (78) | Area commemorating westward exploration and settlement; includes Gateway Arch. See Saint Louis, Mo. |
| Gauley River | RA | W Va. | 1988 | 11,566 (4,683) | Passes through scenic valleys and gorges; whitewater boating. |
| General Grant | MM | SE N.Y. | 1958 | .76 (.31) | Tomb of President Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia. |
| George Rogers Clark | HP | SW Ind. | 1966 | 26 (11) | Memorial near the site of old Fort Sackville, seized from the British by General G. R. Clark in 1779. |
| George Washington Birthplace | MO | E Va. | 1930 | 653 (264) | Estate and reconstructed mansion. See Wakefield. |
| George Washington Carver | MO | SW Mo. | 1943 | 240 (97) | Birthplace and boyhood home of George Washington Carver. |
| George Washington Memorial Parkway | PW | Va., D.C., Md. | 1930 | 7,037 (2,849) | Parkway connecting landmarks associated with the life of George Washington along both sides of the Potomac River from Mt. Vernon to Great Falls. |
| Gettysburg | MP | S Pa. | 1895 | 6,032 (2,442) | Civil War battlefield and cemetery; site of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. See Gettysburg, Pa. |
| Giant Sequoia | MO | E Calif. | 2000 | 328,315 (132,921) | Last remaining groves of ancient sequoia trees within Sequoia National Forest. |
| Gila Cliff Dwellings | MO | SW N.Mex. | 1907 | 533 (216) | Well-preserved dwellings built by the Pueblo into a 150-ft (46-m) cliff. |
| Glacier | NP | NW Mont. | 1910 | 1,013,126 (410,172) | Glaciers, forests, and lakes; on the Continental Divide. |
| Glacier Bay | PP | SE Alaska | 1925 | 3,281,789 (1,328,660) | Active tidewater glaciers, inland fjords, preserved land and marine ecosystems. |
| Glen Canyon | RA | Ariz., Utah | 1958 | 1,254,117 (507,740) | Lake Powell, formed by the Glen Canyon Dam. |
| Golden Gate | RA | W Calif. | 1972 | 82,027 (33,209) | Beaches, forests, marshes, San Francisco's Presidio, and Alcatraz Island. One of the first urban national recreation areas. |
| Golden Spike | HP | N Utah | 1957 | 2,735 (1,107) | Site where the Union Pacific RR and the Central Pacific RR joined to form the first transcontinental railroad. |
| Governors Island | MO | SE N.Y. | 2003 | 23 (9) | Early 1800s fortifications in New York harbor and their surroundings. |
| Grand Canyon | NP | NW Ariz. | 1908 | 1,201,647 (486,497) | Great gorge of the Colorado River. See Grand Canyon. |
| Grand Canyon–Parashant | MO | NW Ariz. | 2000 | 1,014,000 (410,526) | Canyons, mountains, and buttes on the W portion of the Grand Canyon's north rim. Prehistoric and 19th-century remains; rare condors and tortoises. |
| Grand Portage | MO | NE Minn. | 1951 | 710 (287) | 9-mi (14-km) portage on the route to the Northwest used by explorers, missionaries, and fur traders. |
| Grand Staircase–Escalante | MO | S Utah | 1996 | 838,026 (339,282) | Rock formations; natural arches and bridges; prehistoric dwellings and rock art; fossil sites. |
| Grand Teton | NP | NW Wyo. | 1929 | 310,044 (125,524) | Scenic portion of the Teton Range; Jackson Hole. |
| Grant-Kohrs Ranch | HS | W Mont. | 1972 | 1,618 (655) | Headquarters of one of the largest 19th-century range ranches. |
| Great Basin | NP | E Nev. | 1986 | 77,180 (31,247) | Features Lehman Caves, an ice field on Wheeler Peak, ancient bristlecone pines, and a limestone arch. See Great Basin. |
| Great Egg Harbor | WS | SW N.J. | 1992 | 43,311 (17,535) | Largest canoeing river in the Pine Barrens. |
| Great Sand Dunes | PP | S Colo. | 1932 | 149,028 (60,335) | Large, high sand dunes in the Sangre de Cristo Mts. |
| Great Smoky Mountains | NP | N.C., Tenn. | 1926 | 522,427 (211,509) | Wild, beautiful area in the Great Smoky Mountains. |
| Greenbelt Park | PO | W central Md. | 1950 | 1,175 (476) | Woodland park. |
| Guadalupe Mountains | NP | W Tex. | 1966 | 86,367 (34,966) | Mountain region; contains a limestone fossil reef. |
| Guilford Courthouse | MP | N N.C. | 1917 | 253 (102) | See Guilford Courthouse, battle of. |
| Gulf Islands | SS | Fla., Miss. | 1971 | 138,306 (55,994) | Historic forts and white sand beaches near Pensacola, Fla.; Fort Massachusetts and primitive offshore islands in S Miss. |
| Hagerman Fossil Beds | MO | S Idaho | 1988 | 4,351 (1,762) | Fossils dating from the Pliocene era. |
| Haleakala | NP | Maui Island, Hawaii | 1916 | 33,265 (13,468) | Haleakala crater; rare and endangered species. |
| Hamilton Grange | MM | SE N.Y. | 1962 | 1.75 (.71) | Home of Alexander Hamilton. |
| Hampton | HS | NE Md. | 1948 | 62 (25) | Late-18th-century Georgian mansion. |
| Hanford Reach | MO | S central Wash. | 2000 | 195,000 (78,947) | Free-flowing nontidal stretch of the Columbia River with salmon spawning grounds and a preserved shrub-steppe ecosystem. |
| Harpers Ferry | HP | Md., W.Va. | 1944 | 3,656 (1,480) | See Harpers Ferry. |
| Harriet Tubman | HP | W N.Y. | 2017 | 32 (13) | Home and church of Harriet Tubman. |
| Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad | HP | SE Md. | 2013 | 480 (194) | Commemorates Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. |
| Harry S. Truman | HS | W Mo. | 1983 | 13 (5) | Home of Harry S. Truman from 1919 until 1972. |
| Hawaii Volcanoes | NP | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1916 | 323,654 (131,034) | Volcanic region; lush vegetation. |
| Herbert Hoover | HS | E Iowa | 1965 | 187 (76) | Birthplace, childhood home, and burial place of President Herbert Hoover. |
| Hohokam Pima | MO | Central Ariz. | 1972 | 1,690 (684) | Archaeological remains of the Hohokam culture. |
| Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt | HS | SE N.Y. | 1944 | 833 (337) | Home, “Summer White House,” and burial place of Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt. See Hyde Park. |
| Homestead | MO | SE Nebr. | 1936 | 211 (85) | Site of the first farm claimed under the Homestead Act. |
| Honouliuli | HS | Oahu, Hawaii | 2015 | 154 (62) | Site of a World War II internment and prisoner of war camp that held Japanese and European American citizens and immigrants. |
| Hopewell Culture | HP | S Ohio | 1923 | 1,770 (716) | Prehistoric burial mounds of Hopewell people. |
| Hopewell Furnace | HS | SE Pa. | 1938 | 848 (343) | 19th-century iron making site with reconstructed buildings and furnished cottages. |
| Horseshoe Bend | MP | E Ala. | 1956 | 2,040 (826) | See Horseshoe Bend. |
| Hot Springs | NP | W central Ark. | 1921 | 5,548 (2,246) | Mineral springs. |
| Hovenweep | MO | Utah, Colo. | 1923 | 785 (318) | Prehistoric Native American pueblos and cliff dwellings. |
| Hubbell Trading Post | HS | NE Ariz. | 1965 | 160 (65) | Example of a late-19th-century trading post in the Southwest. |
| Ice Age | ST | S Wis. | 1980 | … | 1,200-mi (1,900-km) trail follows glacial moraines. |
| Iditarod | HT | Alaska | 1978 | … | Former Alaska Gold Rush trail extending 2,350 mi (3,781 km) from Seward to Nome. |
| Independence | HP | SE Pa. | 1948 | 45 (18) | Historic points of interest and the Liberty Bell; site of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. See Independence Hall. |
| Indiana Dunes | NP | NW Ind. | 1966 | 15,348 (6,214) | 200-ft (60-m) sand dunes, beaches, and marshes along the south shore of Lake Michigan. |
| Ironwood Forest | MO | S Ariz. | 2000 | 129,000 (52,227) | Mountainous desert landscape with large stands of ironwood trees; saguaro forests and bighorn sheep; historic Hohokam sites. |
| Isle Royale | NP | NW Mich. | 1931 | 571,790 (231,494) | Forested island in Lake Superior. |
| James A. Garfield | HS | NE Ohio | 1980 | 8 (3) | Home of the 20th president and site of the first presidential memorial library. |
| Jean Lafitte | HP | SE La. | 1939 | 22,421 (9,073) | Includes New Orleans' French Quarter, the Chalmette Battlefield, and the Barataria and Acadian units. |
| Jewel Cave | MO | SW S.Dak. | 1908 | 1,274 (516) | Limestone caves with chambers connected by narrow passages; in the Black Hills. |
| Jimmy Carter | HS | SW Georgia | 1987 | 72 (29) | Buildings and exhibits associated with the 39th president's life. |
| John D. Rockefeller, Jr. | PW | NW Wyo. | 1972 | 23,777 (9,626) | Scenic corridor between Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks commemorating Rockefeller's role in the creation of many national parks. |
| John Day Fossil Beds | MO | N central Oreg. | 1974 | 14,062 (5,693) | Consists of Sheep Rock, Painted Hills, and Clarno locations; rich fossil remains from four prehistoric periods. |
| John Fitzgerald Kennedy | HS | E Mass. | 1967 | .09 (.04) | Birthplace and early boyhood home of President John F. Kennedy. |
| John Muir | HS | W Calif. | 1964 | 344 (139) | John Muir House and Martínez Adobe, commemorating contributions of John Muir to conservation and literature. |
| Johnstown Flood | MM | SE Pa. | 1964 | 178 (72) | Memorializes the Johnstown flood of 1889. See Johnstown, Pa. |
| Joshua Tree | NP | S Calif. | 1936 | 790,636 (320,096) | Rare Joshua trees, or “praying plants”; named by Mormons because of upstretched arms. |
| Juan Bautista de Anza | HT | W Calif. | 1990 | … | 1,200-mi (1,931-km) trail traces the path of Spanish colonists. |
| Kalaupapa | HP | N Molokai Island, Hawaii | 1980 | 10,779 (4,364) | Site of former leper colony separated from the island by 2,000-ft (610-m) cliff; ruins of Hawaiian structures. |
| Kaloko-Honokohau | HP | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1978 | 1,163 (471) | Site of important pre-European settlements. |
| Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks | MO | N central N.Mex. | 2001 | 4,645 (1,881) | Canyons, cliffs, and cone-shaped rock formations with nesting birds. |
| Katahdin Woods and Waters | MO | N central Maine | 2016 | 87,564 (35,451) | Mountains and wilderness in Maine's North Woods. |
| Katmai | PP | SE Alaska | 1918 | 4,093,228 (1,657,177) | Deep forest with lakes and active volcanoes. |
| Kenai Fjords | NP | S Alaska | 1978 | 669,650 (271,113) | Wilderness preserve, vast ice fields, fjords, and outflowing glaciers. |
| Kennesaw Mountain | BP | NW Ga. | 1917 | 2,965 (1,200) | Site of Sherman's attack on Confederate forces in the Atlanta campaign. |
| Keweenaw | HP | NW Mich. | 1992 | 1,870 (757) | Preserves features relevant to the first significant copper mining in the United States. |
| Kings Canyon | NP | E central Calif. | 1890 | 461,901 (187,004) | Canyons, peaks, sequoias. |
| Kings Mountain | MP | N S.C. | 1931 | 3,945 (1,597) | Site of a crucial American victory (Oct. 7, 1780) over the British during the Revolution. |
| Klondike Gold Rush | HP | SW Alaska, NW Wa. | 1976 | 12,996 (5,262) | Sites connected with the 1898 Klondike gold rush including Seattle's Pioneer Square, the miners' point of departure. |
| Knife River Indian Villages | HS | Central N.Dak. | 1974 | 1,749 (708) | Ruins of villages of Hidasta and Mandan Native Americans. |
| Kobuk Valley | NP | NW Alaska | 1978 | 1,750,716 (708,792) | A wildlife preserve north of the Arctic Circle; archaeological remnants of 10,000 years of human habitation. |
| Korean War Veterans Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1986 | 2 (.8) | Grouping of 19 infantry soldiers standing before a polished granite wall. |
| Lake Chelan | RA | N Wash. | 1968 | 61,946 (25,079) | Located in the Stehekin Valley and in the northern part of fjordlike Lake Chelan. |
| Lake Clark | PP | S Alaska | 1978 | 4,030,110 (1,631,623) | Waterfalls, tundra, and active volcanoes. |
| Lake Mead | RA | Ariz., Nev. | 1936 | 1,495,816 (605,594) | Lake Mead, formed by Hoover Dam, and Lake Mohave, formed by Davis Dam; the first national recreation area established by Congress. |
| Lake Meredith | RA | NW Tex. | 1965 | 44,978 (18,210) | Includes Lake Meredith, on the Canadian River, a popular water-sports area. |
| Lake Roosevelt | RA | NE Wash. | 1946 | 100,390 (40,644) | Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, formed by the Grand Coulee Dam in the Columbia River; interesting geology. |
| Lassen Volcanic | NP | N Calif. | 1907 | 106,589 (43,153) | Volcanic peaks and lava formations. |
| Lava Beds | MO | N Calif. | 1925 | 46,692 (18,904) | Examples of volcanism; scene of Modoc uprising. |
| Lewis and Clark | HP | NW Oreg., SW Wash. | 1958 | 3,410 (1,381) | Fort Clatsop, site of the winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark expedition, and other sites associated with it. Jointly managed with nearby state historical parks. |
| Lewis and Clark | HT | Mo., Neb., S.Dak., N.Dak., Mont., Idaho, Oreg. | 1978 | … | 4,900-mi (7,890-km) trail commemorates the Lewis and Clark expedition. |
| Lincoln Boyhood | MM | SW Ind. | 1962 | 200 (81) | Site of the farm where Abraham Lincoln was raised and the burial place of his mother, Mary Hanks Lincoln. |
| Lincoln Home | HS | Central Ill. | 1971 | 12 (5) | Only private home owned by Abraham Lincoln; he was living there when he was elected president. |
| Lincoln Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1911 | 7 (3) | See Lincoln Memorial. |
| Little Bighorn Battlefield | MO | SE Mont. | 1879 | 765 (310) | Site of the battle between five companies of the Seventh Cavalry, commanded by George Armstrong Custer, and the Sioux and Cheyenne. |
| Little River Canyon | PS | NE Ala. | 1992 | 15,289 (6,190) | Rock expanses, benches, and bluffs; kayaking and rock climbing. |
| Little Rock Central High School | HS | Central Ark. | 1998 | 28 (11) | Site commemorating the “Little Rock Nine” and the fight for desegregation in the schools. |
| Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters | HS | E Mass. | 1972 | 2 (.8) | Home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1837–82) in Cambridge; also George Washington's headquarters during the siege of Boston (1775–76). |
| Lowell | HP | NE Mass. | 1978 | 142 (57) | Restored site of cotton mill traces the history of the Industrial Revolution. |
| Lower Delaware | WS | Pa., N.J. | 2000 | … | 67-mi (108-km) stretch of the Delaware River. |
| Lower St. Croix | WS | E Minn., NW Wis. | 1972 | 25,276 (10,233) | First river segment added by Congress to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | HP | SE Tex. | 1969 | 1,572 (636) | Sites of the birthplace, boyhood home, and ranch of President Lyndon B. Johnson. |
| Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac | MM | NE Va. | 1973 | 17 (7) | Grove of 500 white pines overlooking Potomac River vista of the capital. |
| Maggie L. Walker | HS | E Central Va. | 1978 | 1 (.4) | Home of African-American bank president and early leader in the women's movement. |
| Mammoth Cave | NP | Central Ky. | 1926 | 54,012 (21,867) | Longest recorded cave system in the world. |
| Manassas | BP | NE Va. | 1940 | 5,073 (2,054) | See Bull Run. |
| Manhattan Project | HP | Tenn., N.Mex., Wash. | 2015 | 114 (46) | Sites associated with the Manhattan Project. |
| Manzanar | HS | E Calif. | 1992 | 814 (330) | Site of World War II internment of Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller | HP | Vt. | 1992 | 643 (260) | Home of pioneer conservationist George Perkins Marsh. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | MM | Washington, D.C. | 2011 | 3 (1) | Statue and museum dedicated to the life and work of the civil-rights leader. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | HP | N Ga. | 1980 | 39 (16) | Birthplace, church, and grave of the civil-rights leader. |
| Martin Van Buren | HS | SE N.Y. | 1974 | 285 (115) | Home of the 8th president. |
| Mary McLeod Bethune Council House | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1982 | .07 (.03) | Home and political headquarters of the educator and activist; the carriage house contains the Bethune Archives. |
| Mesa Verde | NP | SW Colo. | 1906 | 52,485 (21,249) | Prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Middle Delaware | WS | Pa., N.J. | … | A 40-mi (64-km) stretch of the Delaware River in the Delaware Water Gap. | |
| Minidoka | HS | S Idaho | 2001 | 396 (160) | Site of a World War II internment camp for Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Minute Man | HP | E Mass. | 1959 | 1,028 (416) | Scene of fighting on the opening day of the Revolutionary War; includes North Bridge, Minute Man statue, Battle Road (see Lexington and Concord, battles of), and the home of Nathaniel Hawthorne. |
| Minuteman Missile | HS | SW S.D. | 1999 | 44 (18) | Cold war intercontinental ballistic missile arsenal. |
| Mississippi | RR | SE Minn. | 1988 | 53,775 (21,771) | Cultural, historical, and industrial features of the Mississippi River. |
| Missouri | WS | S.Dak., Neb. | 1978 | 48,457 (19,618) | Two free-flowing portions of Missouri River with islands, bars, and chutes; native floodplain forest. |
| Mojave | PS | S Calif. | 1994 | 1,545,684 (625,783) | Dunes, cinder cones, historic mining scenes; protects fragile habitat of the desert tortoise. |
| Mojave Trails | MO | S Calif. | 2016 | 1,600,000 (647,773) | Mountain ranges, lava flows, sand dunes; World War II desert training sites. |
| Monocacy | BF | W Md. | 1976 | 1,627 (659) | Site commemorates the first successful defense of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War. |
| Montezuma Castle | MO | Central Ariz. | 1906 | 1,016 (411) | Well-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Moores Creek | BF | SE N.C. | 1926 | 88 (36) | Site of a battle between Patriots and Loyalists. |
| Mormon Pioneer | HT | Ill., Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah | 1978 | … | Historic trail follows the 1,300-mi (2,090-km) route taken by Brigham Young and his followers in 1847–48. |
| Morristown | HP | N N.J. | 1933 | 1,711 (693) | Site of military encampments during the Revolution; Washington's headquarters, 1779–80. |
| Mount Rainier | NP | SW Wash. | 1899 | 236,382 (95,701) | Volcanic peak and glaciers; subalpine meadows. |
| Mount Rushmore | MM | SW S.Dak. | 1925 | 1,278 (517) | Carvings of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt on the granite face of Mt. Rushmore. |
| Muir Woods | MO | W Calif. | 1908 | 554 (224) | Virgin stand of coastal redwoods. |
| Natchez | HP | SW Miss. | 1988 | 108 (44) | Melrose plantation and other antebellum buildings. |
| Natchez Trace | ST | Miss., Ala., Tenn. | 1983 | 10,995 (4,451) | Sections of the original Natchez Trace. |
| Natchez Trace | PW | Miss., Ala., Tenn. | 1938 | 52,302 (21,175) | Parkway following the general location of the old trail known as the Natchez Trace. |
| National Mall | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1933 | 156 (63) | Landscaped park, part of the L'Enfant Plan for Washington, D.C. |
| Natural Bridges | MO | SE Utah | 1908 | 7,636 (3,091) | Three huge natural sandstone bridges. |
| Navajo | MO | NE Ariz. | 1909 | 360 (146) | Ruins of large cliff dwellings. |
| New Bedford Whaling | HP | SE Mass. | 1996 | 34 (14) | Commemorates the whaling heritage of New Bedford; includes a whaling museum. |
| Newberry | MO | Central Oreg. | 1990 | 54,000 (21,862) | Volcano caldera, with lava flows, cinder cones, and the Lava Cast Forest. |
| New Orleans Jazz | HP | SE La. | 1994 | 5 (2) | Preserves and interprets jazz as it has evolved in New Orleans. |
| New River Gorge | RI | W Va. | 1978 | 72,186 (29,225) | Rugged whitewater river flows through deep canyons. |
| Nez Percé | HP | Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash. | 1965 | 4,565 (1,848) | 38 sites that preserve and commemorate the history and culture of the Nez Percé. |
| Nez Percé | HT | Oregon, Idaho, Mont., Wyo. | 1986 | … | 1,170-mi (1,883-km) trail commemorates the retreat of the Nez Percé under Chief Joseph in 1877. |
| Nicodemus | HS | NW Kans. | 1996 | 161 (65) | Site of town established by African Americans during Reconstruction. |
| Ninety Six | HS | NW S.C. | 1976 | 1,022 (414) | A frontier trading post and Revolutionary War stronghold. |
| Niobrara | WS | N Nebr. | 1991 | 29,101 (11,782) | Ecological crossroads between eastern woodlands and western grasslands. |
| Noatak | PS | NW Alaska | 1978 | 6,587,071 (2,666,830) | Mountain-ringed river basin. |
| North Cascades | NP | N Wash. | 1968 | 504,781 (204,365) | Area of noted alpine scenery in the Cascade Range; bisected by Ross Lake National Recreation Area. |
| North Country | ST | N.Y. to N.Dak. | 1980 | … | Extends 4,500 mi (7,250 km), connecting seven northern tier states. |
| Obed | WS | E Tenn. | 1976 | 5,490 (2,223) | Numerous streams and rugged scenery. |
| Ocmulgee Mounds | HP | Central Ga. | 1934 | 704 (285) | Remains of prehistoric temple mounds. |
| Olympic | NP | NW Wash. | 1909 | 922,649 (373,542) | Rain forests and glaciers in the Olympic Mountains. |
| Oregon | HT | Mo. to Oreg. | 1978 | … | Traces the c.2,000-mi (3,200-km) route of pioneers in 1841–60. |
| Oregon Caves | MR | SW Oreg. | 1909 | 4,544 (1,840) | Limestone caverns with four levels; rock formations. |
| Organ Pipe Cactus | MO | S Ariz. | 1937 | 330,689 (133,882) | Unique Sonoran Desert plants and animals. |
| Overmountain Victory | HT | Tenn., Va., N.C., S.C. | 1980 | … | Follows the 330-mi (530-km) path of revolutionary Patriots. |
| Ozark | WS | SE Mo. | 1964 | 80,785 (32,706) | Scenic parts of the Current and Jacks Fork rivers; the first national scenic river. |
| Pacific Crest | ST | Calif., Oreg., Wash. | 1968 | … | Follows the Sierra and Cascade peaks 2,650 mi (4,265 km) from Mexico to Canada; one of the first two components of the National Trails System. |
| Padre Island | SS | S Tex. | 1962 | 130,434 (52,807) | See Padre Island, Tex. |
| Palo Alto Battlefield | HP | S Tex. | 1978 | 3,442 (1,394) | Site of the first major battle of the Mexican War. |
| Paterson Great Falls | HP | NE N.J. | 2009 | 51 (21) | Industrial history sites on the Great Falls of the Passaic River. |
| Pea Ridge | MP | NW Ark. | 1956 | 4,300 (1,741) | Site of the Civil War battle of Pea Ridge, which saved Missouri for the Union. |
| Pearl Harbor | MM | Oahu Island, Hawaii | 2019 | 21 (9) | Commemorates the Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor; includes the USS Arizona Memorial. |
| Pecos | HP | N N.Mex. | 1965 | 6,693 (2,710) | 15th-century ruins of Pecos Pueblo, once the largest Native American settlement in the Southwest. |
| Pennsylvania Avenue | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1965 | 18 (7) | Portion of Pennsylvania Ave. and adjacent area between the Capitol and the White House. |
| Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial | MM | N Ohio | 1936 | 25 (10) | Scene of the victory near Put-in Bay of Oliver H. Perry in the War of 1812. |
| Petersburg | BF | SE Va. | 1926 | 9,638 (3,902) | Scene of the Battle of the Crater and a 10-month Union campaign (1864–65) to seize Petersburg, Va. |
| Petrified Forest | NP | E Ariz. | 1906 | 221,390 (89,632) | Petrified logs; portions of the Painted Desert. |
| Petroglyph | MO | Central N.Mex. | 1990 | 7,209 (2,919) | More than 15,000 prehistoric and historic Native American and Hispanic petroglyphs and rock art carvings. |
| Pictured Rocks | LS | N Mich. | 1966 | 73,236 (29,650) | Sandstone cliffs, marshes, dunes, and waterfalls along Lake Superior; the first national lakeshore. |
| Pinnacles | NP | W Calif. | 1908 | 26,686 (10,804) | Rock spires from 500 to 1,200 ft (150 to 365 m) high; caves. |
| Pipe Spring | MO | NW Ariz. | 1923 | 40 (16) | Spring first visited by the Mormons; old fort. |
| Pipestone | MO | SW Minn. | 1937 | 282 (114) | Quarry that was a source for Native American peace pipes; park includes Upper Midwest Indian Cultural Center. |
| Piscataway Park | PO | S Md. | 1961 | 4,616 (1,869) | Preserves the view from Mt. Vernon of the opposite shore of the Potomac River. |
| Point Reyes | SS | W Calif. | 1962 | 71,053 (28,766) | Coastal area with beaches and steep bluffs. |
| Pompeys Pillar | MO | S central Mont. | 2001 | 51 (21) | Large sandstone butte on Yellowstone River with inscription by William Clark. |
| Pony Express | HT | Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah, Nev., Calif. | 1992 | … | Follows the 1,966-mi (3,163-km) route of the pony express riders in 1860–61. |
| Port Chicago Naval Magazine | MM | Central Calif. | 1992 | 5 (2) | Site of a massive munitions explosion in 1944; World War II's worst home front disaster. |
| Potomac Heritage | ST | Va., D.C., Md., Pa. | 1983 | … | 704-mi (1,133-km) trail connects the tidewater regions to the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania. |
| Poverty Point | MO | NE La. | 1988 | 911 (369) | Remains of a 2d millenium B.C. culture. |
| President Lincoln and Soldier's Home | MO | Washington, D.C. | 2000 | 2.3 (.9) | Historic Anderson Cottage, used as a summer retreat by Lincoln and other presidents. |
| President's Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1943 | 82 (33) | Includes the White House, Lafayette Square, the Ellipse, and the White House Visitor Center. |
| President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home | HS | SW Ark. | 2010 | .68 (.28) | Early childhood home of President Bill Clinton. |
| Prince William Forest Park | PO | NE Va. | 1936 | 16,081 (6,511) | Pine and hardwood forests of the Quantico Creek watershed. |
| Pullman | MO | Chicago, Ill. | 2015 | 203 (82) | America's first planned industrial town; factories and buildings associated with the Pullman Palace Car Company. |
| Pu'uhonua o Honaunau | HP | SW Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1955 | 420 (170) | Ancient Hawaiian sanctuary and royal residence. |
| Puukohola Heiau | HS | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1972 | 86 (35) | Ruins of temple built (1791) by King Kamehameha the Great. |
| Rainbow Bridge | MO | S Utah | 1910 | 160 (65) | Pink sandstone arch. |
| Reconstruction Era | HP | SE S.C. | 2017 | 16 (6) | Sites associated with emancipated African Americans and Reconstruction. |
| Redwood | NP | NW Calif. | 1968 | 138,999 (56,275) | Coastal redwood forests. |
| Richmond | BP | E Va. | 1936 | 8,171 (3,308) | Commemorates Civil War battles of Cold Harbor, Drewry's Bluff, Gaines Mill, Malvern Hill, and Beaver Dam Creek. |
| Rio Grande | WS | S Tex. | 1978 | 13,123 (5,313) | U.S. shore of the Rio Grande in the Chihuahuan Desert. |
| River Raisin | BP | SE Mich. | 2010 | 42 (17) | Site of the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812. |
| Rock Creek Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1890 | 1,755 (711) | Wooded preserve, one of the largest urban parks in the nation. |
| Rocky Mountain | NP | Central Colo. | 1915 | 265,807 (107,614) | Scenic Rocky Mountains region on the Continental Divide; many high, snowcapped peaks. |
| Roger Williams | MM | E R.I. | 1965 | 5 (2) | Memorial to Roger Williams, the founder of the Rhode Island colony and a pioneer of religious freedom. |
| Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front | HP | W. Calif. | 2000 | 145 (59) | Shipyards and a tank factory; the civilian home front during World War II. |
| Ross Lake | RA | N Wash. | 1968 | 117,575 (47,601) | Extends along the Skagit River canyon; bisects North Cascades National Park. |
| Russell Cave | MO | NE Ala. | 1961 | 310 (126) | Cave containing a nearly continuous archaeological record of human habitation from about 7000 B.C. to A.D. 1650. |
| Sagamore Hill | HS | SE N.Y. | 1962 | 83 (34) | Estate and Victorian-style home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Saguaro | NP | SE Ariz. | 1933 | 91,716 (37,132) | Saguaro, other cacti, varied desert growth. |
| Saint Croix | WS | Minn., Wis. | 1968 | 67,467 (27,315) | 200 mi (322 km) of the St. Croix River and its Namekagon tributary; trails, camping, boating. |
| Saint Croix Island | IS | E Maine | 1949 | 6.5 (3) | Commemorates the French settlement on the island in the Saint Croix River. |
| Saint-Gaudens | HP | W N.H. | 1964 | 191 (77) | Memorial to sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens; his home, studios, gardens. |
| Saint Paul's Church | HS | SE N.Y. | 1943 | 6 (2) | 18th-century church associated with the events leading to the arrest of John Peter Zenger; includes Bill of Rights museum. |
| Salem Maritime | HS | NE Mass. | 1938 | 9 (4) | Wharves and buildings important during Salem's seafaring days. |
| Salinas Pueblo Missions | MO | Central N.Mex. | 1909 | 1,071 (434) | Four 17th-century mission churches and ruins of three Pueblo villages. |
| Salt River Bay | HP | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | 1992 | 989 (400) | Fort Sale; upland watersheds, mangrove forests, estuarine and marine environments. |
| San Antonio Missions | HP | S central Tex. | 1978 | 948 (384) | Four missions situated on the San Antonio River; important examples of Spanish cultural influence. |
| Sand Creek Massacre | HS | E Colo | 2007 | 12,583 (5,094) | Site of the 1864 massacre of the Cheyenne (see Sand Creek). |
| Sand to Snow | MO | S Calif | 2016 | 154,000 (62,348) | See Sand to Snow National Monument. |
| San Francisco Maritime | HP | N Calif. | 1988 | 50 (20) | Largest collection of historic ships in the United States; exhibits on maritime history. |
| San Juan | HS | NE Puerto Rico | 1949 | 75 (30) | Oldest fortification within the limits of U.S. territory, built (16th cent.) by the Spanish to protect the harbor guarding the sea lanes to the New World. |
| San Juan Island | HP | NW Wash. | 1966 | 2,146 (869) | Dedicated to the peaceful relationship between the United States, Britain, and Canada since the San Juan Boundary Dispute. |
| Santa Fe | HT | Mo., Kans., Okla., Col., N.Mex. | 1987 | … | Traces the 1,203-mi (1,936-km) route of the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Santa Monica Mountains | RA | SW Calif. | 1978 | 156,618 (63,408) | Rugged, chaparral-covered landscape fronting on sandy beaches. |
| Saratoga | HP | E N.Y. | 1938 | 3,579 (1,449) | Scene of a famous battle in the American Revolution. See Saratoga campaign. |
| Saugus Iron Works | HS | E Mass. | 1968 | 9 (4) | Reconstruction of the 17th-century Colonial ironworks. |
| Scotts Bluff | MO | W Nebr. | 1919 | 3,005 (1,217) | Landmark on the Oregon Trail. |
| Sequoia | NP | E Calif. | 1890 | 404,063 (163,588) | Groves of giant sequoias. |
| Shenandoah | NP | N Va. | 1926 | 199,218 (80,655) | Forested region of the Blue Ridge Mts. |
| Shiloh | MP | SW Tenn. | 1894 | 7,932 (3,211) | Site of the Civil War battle of Shiloh. Shiloh National Cemetery is there. |
| Sitka | HP | SE Alaska | 1910 | 116 (47) | Site of the Tlingit peoples' defeat by Russian settlers in 1804. See Sitka. |
| Sleeping Bear Dunes | LS | W central Mich. | 1970 | 71,251 (28,847) | Section of the Lake Michigan shoreline and the North and South Manitoulin islands; beaches, sand dunes, forests. |
| Sonoran Desert | MO | SW Ariz. | 2001 | 486,400 (196,923) | Biologically diverse desert with mountain ranges and lowland valleys. Historical and archaeological remains. |
| Springfield Armory | HS | Mass. | 1974 | 55 (22) | Large weapons museum housed in former arsenal. |
| Statue of Liberty | MO | SE N.Y. | 1924 | 58 (23) | See Liberty, Statue of. |
| Steamtown | HS | NE Pa. | 1986 | 62 (25) | A railyard containing America's largest collection of steam-era locomotives and railroad cars. |
| Stones River | BF | Central Tenn. | 1927 | 709 (287) | See Murfreesboro, Tenn. Site of Stones River National Cemetery. |
| Stonewall | MO | New York City | 2016 | 8 (3) | Site of 1969 Stonewall riot, the beginning of the modern gay-rights movement. |
| Sunset Crater Volcano | MO | N Ariz. | 1930 | 3,040 (1,231) | Volcanic cinder cone with multicolored crater. |
| Tallgrass Prairie | PS | E Kans. | 1996 | 10,883 (4,406) | Surviving remnant of the tallgrass ecosystem. |
| Thaddeus Kosciuszko | MM | SE Pa. | 1972 | .02 (.01) | Commemorates the life and work of Thaddeus Kosciusko. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | NP | W N.Dak. | 1947 | 70,447 (28,521) | Part of Roosevelt's Elkhorn Ranch; badlands along the Little Missouri River. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace | HS | SE N.Y. | 1962 | .11 (.04) | Birthplace and boyhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural | HS | W N.Y. | 1966 | 1 (.4) | Ansley Wilcox House, where Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office (1901) as president. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Island | PO | Washington, D.C., Va. | 1932 | 89 (36) | Wilderness preserve in the Potomac River; a tribute to the “conservationist president.” |
| Thomas Edison | HP | NE N.J. | 1962 | 21 (9) | Buildings and equipment used by Thomas A. Edison. |
| Thomas Jefferson | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1934 | 18 (7) | See Thomas Jefferson Memorial. |
| Thomas Stone | HS | S Md. | 1978 | 328 (133) | Georgian-style home, Habre-de-Ventre, of a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Timpanogos Cave | MO | N Utah | 1922 | 250 (101) | Limestone cavern on Mt. Timpanogos. |
| Timucan Ecological and Historic Preserve | PS | NE Fla. | 1988 | 46,263 (18,730) | Atlantic coastal marshes, islands, tidal creeks. |
| Tonto | MO | Central Ariz. | 1907 | 1,120 (453) | 14th-century Native-American cliff dwellings. |
| Trail of Tears | HT | N.C., Tenn., Ga., Ala., Ark., Okla. | 1987 | … | 2,200-mi (3,540-km) trail commemorates the routes of forced migration of more than 15,000 Cherokee from their ancestral homes. |
| Tule Lake | MO | NE Calif. | 2019 | 1,391 (563) | Tule Lake War Relocation Center, where Japanese Americans were interned during World War II. |
| Tule Springs Fossil Beds | MO | S Nev. | 2014 | 22,650 (9,170) | Ice age fossils of mammoths, lions, and camels. |
| Tumacacori | HP | S Ariz. | 1908 | 360 (146) | Mission founded by Father Eusebio F. Kino; rebuilt by the Franciscans. |
| Tupelo | BF | NE Miss. | 1929 | 1 (.4) | See Tupelo, Miss. |
| Tuskegee Airmen | HS | SE Ala. | 1999 | 90 (36) | Site commemorating the African-American Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. |
| Tuskegee Institute | HS | S Ala. | 1974 | 58 (23) | First institution of higher learning for the vocational training of African Americans; founded in 1881. |
| Tuzigoot | MO | Central Ariz. | 1939 | 812 (329) | Excavated ruins of a large Native American pueblo. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | HS | E Mo. | 1989 | 10 (4) | Pre–Civil War home of Ulysses S. Grant. |
| Upper Delaware | WS | Pa., N.Y. | 1978 | 75,000 (30,364) | Fishing and boating. |
| Upper Missouri River Breaks | MO | N central Mont. | 2001 | 378,000 (153,036) | Rugged, remote ecosystem paralleling the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River; explored by Lewis and Clark. |
| Valles Caldera | PS | NW N. Mex. | 2014 | 89,766 (36,343) | 12–15 mi-wide (19–24 km) caldera formed by eruptions c. 1.6 and 1.2 million years ago; mountain meadows, abundant wildlife. |
| Valley Forge | HP | SE Pa. | 1976 | 3,469 (1,404) | Soldiers' huts and preserved buildings re-create the 1777–78 Continental Army encampment. |
| Vanderbilt Mansion | HS | E N.Y. | 1940 | 212 (86) | 19th-century palatial Victorian residence of a grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt. |
| Vermilion Cliffs | MO | N Ariz. | 2000 | 294,000 (119,028) | Remote cliffs, plateaus, canyons, and desert grasslands; fossilized dinosaur footprints. |
| Vicksburg | MP | W Miss. | 1899 | 1,815 (735) | Site of the Vicksburg campaign of the Civil War and Vicksburg National Cemetery. |
| Vietnam Veterans Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1980 | 2 (.8) | See Vietnam Veterans Memorial. |
| Virgin Islands | NP | St. John, Virgin Islands | 1956 | 14,945 (6,051) | Unusual scenery, marine life, coral gardens; ruins of Danish colonial sugar plantations. |
| Virgin Islands Coral Reef | MO | Off St. John, Virgin Islands | 2001 | 12,708 (5,145) | Mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, home to many sea animals and birds. |
| Voyageurs | NP | N Minn. | 1971 | 218,200 (88,340) | Scenic northern lakes region; interesting glacial features and history. |
| Waco Mammoth | MO | E Central Tex. | 2015 | 5 (2) | Remains of mammoths, camels, and other Pleistocene animals. |
| Walnut Canyon | MO | N Ariz. | 1915 | 3,201 (1,296) | 12th-century Sinagua cliff dwellings. |
| War in the Pacific | HP | Central Guam | 1978 | 2,031 (822) | Artifacts of World War II in the Pacific theater. |
| Washington Monument | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1848 | 106 (43) | 555-ft (169-m) high obelisk honoring Washington. |
| Washita Battlefield | HS | Okla. | 1848 | 315 (128) | Site of a Southern Cheyenne village attacked by General Custer on November 27, 1868. |
| Weir Farm | HS | Conn. | 1990 | 74 (30) | Home and studio of the American impressionist painter J. Alden Weir. |
| Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity | RA | N Calif. | 1965 | 246,087 (99,630) | Reservoirs, forestland, and Whiskeytown Falls. |
| White Sands | NP | S N.Mex. | 1933 | 143,704 (58,180) | Wind-drifted gypsum sands. |
| Whitman Mission | HS | SW Wash. | 1936 | 139 (56) | Site of the mission of Dr. Marcus Whitman. |
| William Howard Taft | HS | SW Ohio | 1969 | 4 (2) | Birthplace and early home of President William Howard Taft. |
| Wilson's Creek | BF | SW Mo. | 1960 | 2,408 (975) | Site of first major Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi. |
| Wind Cave | NP | SW S.Dak. | 1903 | 33,971 (13,753) | Limestone caverns in the Black Hills. |
| Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts | PO | N Va. | 1966 | 130 (53) | Set in a rolling, wooded landscaped area to provide artistic enjoyment and recreation; first national park for the performing arts. |
| Women's Rights | HP | W N.Y. | 1980 | 7 (3) | Includes Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, site of first women's rights convention (1848), and the home of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
| World War II | MM | Washington, D.C. | 2004 | 7 (3) | Honors members of the armed forces and civilians who supported them during World War II. |
| Wrangell–St. Elias | PP | SW Alaska | 1978 | 13,175,791 (5,334,328) | Largest unit in the National Park System; numerous peaks over 16,000 ft (4,900 m), abundant wildlife. |
| Wright Brothers | MM | NE N.C. | 1927 | 428 (173) | Scene of the first (1903) successful flight of the Wright brothers. |
| Wupatki | MO | N Ariz. | 1924 | 35,402 (14,333) | Several prehistoric pueblos. |
| Yellowstone | NP | Wyo., Mont., Idaho | 1872 | 2,219,791 (898,701) | Geysers and hot springs, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone; first national park. |
| Yosemite | NP | E central Calif. | 1890 | 761,748 (308,400) | Mountain region with Yosemite Valley; notable waterfalls. |
| Yucca House | MO | SW Colo. | 1919 | 34 (14) | Unexcavated ruins of a prehistoric Native American village. |
| Yukon-Charley Rivers | PS | E central Alaska | 1978 | 2,526,512 (1,022,879) | Peregrine falcons, 1898 Gold Rush relics. |
| Zion | NP | SW Utah | 1909 | 147,243 (59,613) | Multicolored canyon in a desert region. |
| BF | Battlefield |
| BP | Battlefield Park |
| BS | Battlefield Site |
| HP | Historical Park |
| HS | Historic Site |
| HT | Historic Trail |
| IS | International Historic Site |
| LS | Lakeshore |
| MM | Memorial |
| MO | Monument |
| MP | Military Park |
| MR | Monument and Preserve |
| NR | Reserve |
| NP | Park |
| PA | Preserve and Addition |
| PE | Park and Expansion |
| PO | Park, other |
| PP | Park and Preserve |
| PS | Preserve |
| PW | Parkway |
| RA | Recreation Area |
| RI | River |
| RR | River and Recreation Area |
| SS | Seashore |
| ST | Scenic Trail |
| WS | Wild, Scenic, or Recreational River or Riverway |
National Parks and Monuments
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham Lincoln Birthplace | HP | Central Ky. | 1916 | 344.5 (139) | Traditional birthplace cabin in memorial building on site of Lincoln's birthplace. |
| Acadia | NP | SE Maine | 1919 | 49,075 (19,868) | Mountain and coast scenery. |
| Adams | HP | E Mass. | 1946 | 23.82 (10) | Home of Presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and other members of the family. |
| African Burial Ground | MO | SE N.Y. | 2006 | .35 (.14) | Burial ground for free and enslaved Africans in the 1600s and 1700s. |
| Agate Fossil Beds | MO | NW Nebr. | 1965 | 3,058 (1,238) | World-famous quarries containing numerous well-preserved Miocene mammal fossils; museum of Native American artifacts. |
| Agua Fria | MO | Central Ariz. | 2000 | 71,100 (28,796) | A Native American settlement system dating to A.D. 1250–1450, spread over two mesas and the Agua Fria River canyon; more than 450 sites with pueblos, stone forts, and petroglyphs. |
| Alagnak | WS | SW Alaska | 1980 | 30,665 (12,415) | White water and salmon fishing. |
| Aleutian Islands World War II | MO | SW Alaska | 2019 | 4,950 (2,004) | World War II sites on three Aleutian Islands. |
| Alibates Flint Quarries | MO | NW Tex. | 1965 | 1,371 (555) | Flint quarries, first worked by Native Americans c.10,000 years ago; rich archaeological and historic area. |
| Allegheny Portage Railroad | HS | SW Pa. | 1964 | 1,284 (520) | Inclined-plane railroad that lifted passengers and cargoes of boats on the Pennsylvania Canal over the Allegheny Mts. |
| American Samoa | NP | American Samoa | 1988 | 13,500 (5,466) | Two rain forest preserves and a coral reef. |
| Amistad | RA | S Tex. | 1965 | 58,500 (23,693) | U.S. part of Amistad Reservoir, on the Rio Grande. |
| Andersonville | HS | SW Ga. | 1970 | 516 (209) | Civil War prison camp and national prisoner of war memorial. See under Andersonville. |
| Andrew Johnson | HS | NE Tenn. | 1935 | 17 (7) | Home, shop, and grave of President Andrew Johnson; site includes Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. |
| Aniakchak | MR | SW Alaska | 1978 | 601,294 (243,439) | Volcano; wilderness and wildlife preserve. |
| Antietam | BF | Central Md. | 1890 | 3,231 (1,308) | See Antietam campaign. Antietam (Sharpsburg) National Cemetery adjoins the park. |
| Apostle Islands | LS | NW Wis. | 1970 | 69,377 (28,078) | Apostle Islands and a strip of the Bayfield Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake Superior. |
| Appalachian | ST | Maine, N.H., Vt., Mass., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Md., W.Va., Va., Tenn., N.C., Ga. | 1968 | 239,605 (97,006) | See Appalachian Trail. |
| Appomattox Court House | HP | S central Va. | 1930 | 1,775 (719) | Site of Lee's surrender to Grant. See under Appomattox, Va. |
| Arches | NP | E Utah | 1929 | 76,679 (31,044) | Giant arches formed by erosion; designated a national park in 1971. |
| Arkansas Post | MM | SE Ark. | 1960 | 758 (307) | Site of the first permanent French settlement in the lower Mississippi valley. See Arkansas Post. |
| Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial | MM | NE Va. | 1925 | 28 (11) | Former home of the Custis and Lee families; memorial to Robert E. Lee. |
| Assateague Island | SS | Md., Va. | 1965 | 41,347 (16,740) | 37-mi (60-km) barrier island; beaches; wildlife refuge including wild ponies. |
| Aztec Ruins | MO | NW N.Mex. | 1923 | 318 (129) | Ruins of a Pueblo town. |
| Badlands | NP | SW S.Dak. | 1929 | 242,756 (98,282) | Gullies, ridges, and other erosional landforms; fossils. See badlands. |
| Bandelier | MO | N N.Mex. | 1916 | 33,677 (13,634) | Ruins of 13th-century Pueblo cliff dwellings. |
| Belmont-Paul Women's Equality | MO | Washington, D.C. | 2016 | .34 (.13) | Sewall-Belmont House and Museum, headquarters of the National Woman's party. |
| Bent's Old Fort | HS | SE Colo. | 1960 | 799 (323) | Fur-trading post and rest station on the Santa Fe Trail; built c.1830 by Charles Bent and William Bent. See Bent's Fort. |
| Bering Land Bridge | PS | NW Alaska | 1978 | 2,697,391 (1,092,061) | Remnant of land bridge that connected Alaska with Asia. |
| Big Bend | NP | W Tex. | 1935 | 801,163 (324,357) | Canyons and desert plain on the Rio Grande; Chisos Mts. Designated a national park in 1944. |
| Big Cypress | PA | S Fla. | 1974 | 720,564 (291,726) | Subtropical plant and animal life; ancestral home of Seminole and Miccosukee peoples. |
| Big Hole | BF | SW Mont. | 1910 | 976 (395) | Scene of 1877 battle between U.S. troops and Nez Percé led by Chief Joseph. |
| Bighorn Canyon | RA | Mont., Wyo. | 1966 | 120,296 (48,702) | Yellowtail Dam and spectacular Bighorn Canyon, on the Bighorn River. |
| Big South Fork | RR | Ky., Tenn. | 1976 | 123,694 (50,079) | Scenic gorges and valleys. |
| Big Thicket | PS | SE Tex. | 1974 | 113,122 (45,798) | Large number of plant and animal species in a convergence of ecosystems. |
| Birmingham Civil Rights | MO | Central Ala. | 2017 | 18 (7) | Commemorates work of the civil rights movement in Birmingham. |
| Biscayne | NP | SE Fla. | 1968 | 172,971 (70,029) | Aquatic park encompassing 25 islands. Example of a living coral reef; includes part of Biscayne Bay. Designated a national park in 1980. |
| Black Canyon of the Gunnison | NP | W Colo. | 1933 | 30,780 (12,462) | Deep, narrow canyon of the Gunnison River, named for its dark-colored walls, which are always in shadow. Designated a national park in 1999. |
| Blackstone River Valley | HP | Mass., R.I. | 2014 | 1,489 (603) | Historic industrial sites in the Blackstone River Valley. |
| Blue Ridge | PW | Va., N.C. | 1936 | 98,911 (40,045) | Scenic route in the Blue Ridge Mts. between Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mts. national parks; many roadside parks, lookouts, and trails; the first national parkway. |
| Bluestone | WS | SW W.Va. | 1988 | 4,310 (1,745) | Fishing, hiking, boating, and scenery. |
| Booker T. Washington | MO | Central Va. | 1956 | 239 (97) | Birthplace and childhood home of Booker T. Washington. |
| Boston | HP | E Mass. | 1974 | 44 (18) | Many sites include Old South Meeting House, the home of Paul Revere, obelisk commemorating the Battle of Bunker Hill, and part of the Charlestown Navy Yard. |
| Boston African American | HS | E Mass. | 1980 | .59 (.24) | Oldest African-American church in the United States and the Black Heritage Trail. |
| Boston Harbor Islands | RA | E Mass. | 1996 | 1,482 (600) | More than 30 islands off the Greater Boston coast. |
| Brices Cross Roads | BS | NE Miss. | 1929 | 1 (.4) | Site of a rout of Union troops by Confederate cavalry under General N. B. Forrest (June 10, 1864). |
| Brown v. Board of Education | HS | NE Kansas | 1992 | 2 (.8) | See Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans. |
| Bryce Canyon | NP | SW Utah | 1924 | 35,835 (14,508) | Colored rock walls and columnar rock formations along the edge of a plateau. |
| Buck Island Reef | MO | Buck Island, Virgin Islands | 1961 | 19,015 (7,698) | One of the finest marine gardens in the Caribbean; bird rookeries and grottoes. |
| Buffalo | RI | NW Ark. | 1972 | 94,293 (38,175) | 136-mi (219-km) stretch of the Buffalo River and its valley; the first national river. |
| Cabrillo | MO | SW Calif. | 1913 | 160 (65) | Memorial to Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. |
| California | HT | Missouri River to Calif. and Oreg. | 1992 | … | Former migration route extending 5,600 mi (9,010 km) from the Missouri River to California and Oregon. |
| California Coastal | MO | W Calif. | 2000 | 6,230 (2,522) | Thousands of islands, rocks, and reefs within 12 mi (19 km) of California's 840-mi (1,350-km) coastline as well as Point Arena-Stornetta on the mainland; includes nesting grounds of seabirds and marine mammals. |
| Camp Nelson Heritage | MO | Central Ky. | 2018 | 525 (213) | Union Civil War supply depot, hospital, and training center for African-American troops. |
| Canaveral | SS | E Fla. | 1975 | 57,662 (23,345) | Barrier island dunes and marshland that includes a wildlife refuge. |
| Cane River Creole | HP | SE La. | 1994 | 206 (83) | Plantations and other sites associated with the development of Creole culture. |
| Canyon de Chelly | MO | NE Ariz. | 1931 | 83,840 (33,943) | Ruins of prehistoric Native American villages. |
| Canyonlands | NP | SE Utah | 1964 | 337,598 (136,679) | Rocks, spires, and mesas; Native American rock art and ruins. |
| Canyons of the Ancients | MO | SW Colo. | 2000 | 176,000 (71,255) | Rugged landscape that is archaeologically rich, with some sites dating to 10,000 years ago; later pit houses, cliff dwellings, and pueblos. |
| Cape Cod | SS | SE Mass. | 1961 | 43,608 (17,655) | See Cape Cod. |
| Cape Hatteras | SS | E N.C. | 1937 | 30,351 (12,288) | The first national seashore. See under Hatteras, Cape. |
| Cape Krusenstern | MO | Alaska | 1978 | 649,096 (262,792) | Archaeological sites of indigenous communities dating back 4,000 years. |
| Cape Lookout | SS | E N.C. | 1966 | 28,243 (11,434) | Three barrier islands with beaches, sand dunes, and salt marshes; Cape Lookout Lighthouse. |
| Capitol Reef | NP | S Utah | 1937 | 241,905 (97,937) | Highly colored sandstone cliffs dissected by gorges; named for a white, dome-shaped rock formation. |
| Capulin Volcano | MO | NE N.Mex. | 1916 | 793 (321) | Huge cinder cone of inactive volcano. |
| Carl Sandburg Home | HS | SW N.C. | 1968 | 268 (109) | Farm home of author Carl Sandburg. |
| Carlsbad Caverns | NP | SE N.Mex. | 1923 | 46,766 (18,934) | Great limestone caverns. Designated a national park in 1930. |
| Carrizo Plain | MO | W central Calif. | 2001 | 204,107 (82,634) | Grasslands and wetlands, including akali Soda Lake, in Central Valley. Home to threatened or endangered species. |
| Carter G. Woodson | HS | Washington, D.C. | 2006 | .15 (.06) | Home of Carter G. Woodson, African-American historian and educator. |
| Casa Grande Ruins | MO | S Ariz. | 1892 | 473 (191) | Huge building built c.600 years ago and other Ancestral Sonoran adobe ruins. |
| Cascade-Siskiyou | MO | S central Oreg. | 2000 | 114,000 (46,154) | A biologically diverse and ecologically unique area that also includes Soda Mountain, Pilot Rock, and Siskiyou Pass. |
| Castillo de San Marcos | MO | NE Fla. | 1924 | 19 (8) | Old Spanish masonry fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Castle Clinton | MO | SE N.Y. | 1946 | 1 (.4) | See Battery, the. |
| Catoctin Mountain Park | PO | NW Md. | 1936 | 5,891 (2,385) | Campgrounds, trails, and scenic drive located in the Catoctin Mts.; Camp David, the presidential retreat, is there. |
| Cedar Breaks | MO | SW Utah | 1933 | 6,155 (2,492) | Amphitheater (2,000 ft/610 m deep) formed by erosion. |
| Cedar Creek and Belle Grove | MO | N Va. | 2002 | 3,707 (1,501) | Site of a Civil War battle and Belle Grove Plantation. |
| César E. Chávez | MO | S. Calif. | 2002 | 117 (47) | Home and gravesite of César Chávez and United Farm Workers headquarters. |
| Chaco Culture | HP | NW N.Mex. | 1907 | 33,960 (13,749) | 13 pre-Columbian ruins of the Ancestral Pueblo peoples, representing the highest point of Ancestral Pueblo civilization (A.D. 850–1100). |
| Chamizal | MM | W Tex. | 1966 | 55 (22) | Memorializes the peaceful settlement of the 99-year border dispute between the United States and Mexico. |
| Channel Islands | NP | SW Calif. | 1938 | 249,561 (101,037) | Part of the Channel Islands. Nesting sea birds, sea lions, island fox, and unique plants. |
| Charles Pinckney | HS | SE S.C. | 1988 | 28 (11) | Home and estate of American diplomat and framer of the Constitution. |
| Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers | MO | SW Ohio | 2013 | 60 (24) | Home of Colonel Charles Young, a buffalo soldier and the first African-American army colonel. |
| Chattahoochie River | RA | Georgia | 1978 | 11,254 (4,556) | Series of historic and recreational sites along the Chattahoochie River. |
| Chesapeake and Ohio Canal | HP | D.C., Md., W.Va. | 1938 | 19,612 (7,940) | See Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. |
| Chickamauga and Chattanooga | MP | Ga., Tenn. | 1890 | 9,523 (3,855) | Civil War battle sites; first national military park. |
| Chickasaw | RA | S Okla. | 1976 | 9,899 (4,008) | Mineral springs, streams, and lakes. Name honors Chickasaw Nation; combination of former Platt National Park and Arbuckle National Recreation Area. |
| Chiricahua | MO | SE Ariz. | 1924 | 12,025 (4,868) | Unusual rock formations. |
| Christiansted | HS | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | 1952 | 27 (11) | Commemorates the Virgin Islands' colonial development, especially under Danish rule in the 18th and 19th cent. |
| City of Rocks | NR | Idaho | 1988 | 14,407 (5,833) | Granite spires, sculptured rock formations. |
| Clara Barton | HS | S Md. | 1974 | 9 (4) | Home and offices of the founder of the American Red Cross. |
| Colonial | HP | SE Va. | 1930 | 8,677 (3,513) | Historic Yorktown, Jamestown, and Cape Henry. Colonial Parkway connects some sites with Williamsburg. |
| Colorado | MO | W Colo. | 1911 | 20,536 (8,314) | Huge monoliths and other unusual erosional features. |
| Congaree | NP | Central S.C. | 1976 | 26,640 (10,785) | Last significant tract of southern bottomland hardwood forest in the United States. |
| Constitution Gardens | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1978 | 39 (16) | Memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Continental Divide | ST | Mont., Idaho, Wyo., Colo., N.Mex. | 1978 | … | Runs the length of much of the Rocky Mountains; 3,100 mi (4,988 km) long. |
| Coronado | MM | SE Ariz. | 1952 | 4,830 (1,955) | Area near Francisco Vásquez de Coronado's point of entry (1540) into the United States. |
| Cowpens | BF | NW S.C. | 1929 | 842 (341) | Site of an American militia victory over British infantry and cavalry forces in the Revolutionary battle of Cowpens (Jan. 17, 1781). |
| Crater Lake | NP | SW Oreg. | 1902 | 183,224 (74,180) | Blue lake in a volcanic crater. |
| Craters of the Moon | MR | S Idaho | 1924 | 752,378 (304,606) | Volcanic cones, craters, and fissures, and lava fields. |
| Cumberland Gap | HP | Ky., Tenn., Va. | 1940 | 24,547 (9,938) | Mountain pass of the Wilderness Road. See Cumberland Gap. |
| Cumberland Island | SS | SE Ga. | 1972 | 36,347 (14,715) | Largest island off Georgia; beaches, sand dunes, marshes, and lakes. |
| Curecanti | RA | E Colo. | 1965 | 43,591 (17,648) | Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal reservoirs in the upper Black Canyon of the Gunnison. |
| Cuyahoga Valley | NP | NE Ohio | 1974 | 32,572 (13,187) | Preserves rural character of the Cuyahoga River valley. |
| Dayton Aviation Heritage | HP | W Ohio | 1992 | 111 (45) | Honors life and work of the Wright brothers, as well as poet Paul Laurence Dunbar. |
| Death Valley | NP | SE Calif., SW Nev. | 1933 | 3,372,981 (1,365,579) | Lowest point in Western Hemisphere; desert environment. |
| Delaware Water Gap | RA | N.J., Pa. | 1965 | 68,664 (27,799) | Scenic Delaware Water Gap. |
| Denali | PP | S Alaska | 1917 | 6,075,029 (2,459,526) | Contains Denali (Mt. McKinley), North America's highest mountain (20,310 ft/6,190 m); wildlife preserve. |
| De Soto | MM | W Fla. | 1948 | 30 (12) | Commemorates the landing (1539) of Hernando De Soto in Florida and his exploration of the S United States. |
| Devils Postpile | MO | E Calif. | 1911 | 800 (324) | Basaltic columns, some 60 ft (18 m) high. |
| Devils Tower | MO | NE Wyo. | 1906 | 1,347 (545) | Volcanic rock tower; first national monument. |
| Dinosaur | MO | Colo., Utah | 1915 | 210,282 (85,134) | Rich quarries of well-preserved fossils. |
| Dry Tortugas | NP | S Fla. | 1935 | 64,701 (26,195) | Contains Fort Jefferson, the largest all-masonry fort in the Western Hemisphere, built 1846. See Dry Tortugas. |
| Ebey's Landing | NR | Whidbey Island, Wash. | 1978 | 19,334 (7,828) | Records exploration and settlement of Puget Sound. |
| Edgar Allan Poe | HS | SE Pa. | 1978 | .52 (.21) | In 1843, Poe lived here and wrote several of his most famous stories. |
| Effigy Mounds | MO | NE Iowa | 1949 | 2,526 (1,023) | Outstanding examples of prehistoric Native American mounds. |
| Eisenhower | HS | S Pa. | 1969 | 690 (279) | Home and farm of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | HS | S N.Y. | 1977 | 181 (73) | Her personal retreat including two restored buildings, tennis court, rose garden, and playhouse. |
| El Malpais | MO | N.Mex. | 1987 | 114,347 (46,294) | In English, “the badlands”; volcanic area; also rich in Pueblo history. |
| El Morro | MO | W N.Mex. | 1906 | 1,279 (518) | Sandstone monolith with inscriptions of Spanish explorers and American pioneers. |
| Eugene O'Neill | HS | N Calif. | 1976 | 13 (5) | Restored home of the playwright. |
| Everglades | PE | S Fla. | 1934 | 1,508,939 (610,906) | Subtropical wilderness with prairies, mangroves, great variety of birds. See Everglades. |
| Federal Hall | MM | SE N.Y. | 1939 | .45 (.18) | Site of the first seat of the federal government and George Washington's inauguration (1789). |
| Fire Island | SS | SE N.Y. | 1964 | 19,581 (7,928) | Covers section of Fire Island. |
| First Ladies | HS | NE Ohio | 2000 | .46 (.19) | Home of Ida Saxton McKinley; honors all U.S. first ladies. |
| First State | HP | Del., Pa. | 2013 | 1,155 (468) | Site relating to Delaware's ratification of the Constitution and to Delaware Valley history. |
| Flight 93 | MM | SW Pa. | 2002 | 2,319 (939) | See Flight 93 National Memorial. |
| Florida | ST | S Fla. | 1983 | … | Subtropical plant and animal life along 1,300-mi (2,092-km) trail. |
| Florissant Fossil Beds | MO | Central Colo. | 1969 | 5,998 (2,428) | Well-preserved insect, seed, and leaf fossils of the Oligocene period; petrified sequoia tree stumps. |
| Ford's Theatre | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1970 | .30 (.12) | Site of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination and death; includes the Lincoln Museum. |
| Fort Bowie | HS | SE Ariz. | 1964 | 999 (404) | Ruins of a fort (est. 1862) that was the base of military operations against Geronimo and his followers. |
| Fort Caroline | MM | NE Fla. | 1950 | 138 (56) | Area overlooking the site of Fort Caroline. |
| Fort Davis | HS | W Tex. | 1961 | 523 (212) | Key post in the defensive system of W Texas, guarding (1854–91) the San Antonio–El Paso road through the Davis Mts. |
| Fort Donelson | BF | NW Tenn. | 1928 | 1,319 (534) | Site of first Union Army victory; Civil War cemetery. |
| Fort Frederica | MO | SE Ga. | 1936 | 284 (115) | Ruins of a fort built by James Oglethorpe on one of the Sea Islands. |
| Fort Laramie | HS | SE Wyo. | 1938 | 873 (353) | Buildings of an old fort on the Oregon Trail. |
| Fort Larned | HS | Central Kansas | 1964 | 718 (291) | Protected the Santa Fe Trail; served as a military base during the Plains War (1860s) and later as an Indian Bureau administrative center. |
| Fort McHenry | MO | N Md. | 1925 | 43 (17) | See Fort McHenry. |
| Fort Matanzas | MO | NE Fla. | 1924 | 300 (121) | Spanish fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Fort Monroe | MO | SE Va. | 2011 | 367 (149) | See Fort Monroe. |
| Fort Necessity | BF | SW Pa. | 1931 | 903 (366) | George Washington's troops defeated here in 1754. |
| Fort Point | HS | W Calif. | 1970 | 29 (12) | Brick and granite mid-19th-century coastal fortification. |
| Fort Pulaski | MO | SE Ga. | 1924 | 5,623 (2,277) | Fort on Cockspur Island. See Fort Pulaski. |
| Fort Raleigh | HS | NE N.C. | 1941 | 513 (208) | Site of the first attempted settlement by the English in North America. See Roanoke Island. |
| Fort Scott | HS | SE Kansas | 1965 | 17 (7) | Commemorates historic events in Kansas prior to and during the Civil War. |
| Fort Smith | HS | NW Ark. | 1961 | 75 (30) | One of the first U.S. military posts in the Louisiana Purchase; maintained law and order in the Oklahoma Territory. See Fort Smith, Ark. |
| Fort Stanwix | MO | Central N.Y. | 1935 | 16 (6) | See Fort Stanwix. |
| Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie | HP | SE S.C. | 1948 | 235 (95) | Scene of the engagement that opened the Civil War. See Fort Sumter; Fort Moultrie. |
| Fort Union | MO | NW N.Mex. | 1954 | 721 (292) | Ruins of a U.S. army fort on the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Fort Union Trading Post | HS | N.Dak., Mont. | 1966 | 440 (178) | American Fur Company trading post during the 19th cent. |
| Fort Vancouver | HS | SW Wash. | 1948 | 207 (84) | Site of a Hudson's Bay Company post (1825–49) and later of a U.S. army fort. |
| Fort Washington Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1930 | 341 (138) | 19th-century fort. |
| Fossil Butte | MO | W Wyo. | 1972 | 8,198 (3,319) | Area containing Paleocene–Eocene fossil fish. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1997 | 8 (3) | Monument to Roosevelt on the Mall in the nation's capital. |
| Frederick Douglass | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1962 | 9 (4) | Home of the abolitionist and writer; contains original furnishings, photographs, lithographs, and his library. |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | HS | E Mass. | 1979 | 7 (3) | Site of Olmsted's home and business containing lithographs and original furnishings. |
| Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania | MP | NE Va. | 1927 | 8,405 (3,403) | Contains portions of four major Civil War battlefields (see Fredericksburg, battle of) and a national cemetery. |
| Freedom Riders | MO | NE Ala. | 2017 | 6 (2) | Sites of mob attacks against an integrated group of Freedom Riders. |
| Friendship Hill | HS | SW Pa. | 1978 | 675 (273) | Home of Albert Gallatin, U.S. secretary of the treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. |
| Gates of the Arctic | PP | N Alaska | 1978 | 8,472,506 (3,430,164) | Vast wilderness within the Arctic Circle. |
| Gateway | RA | N.Y., N.J. | 1972 | 26,607 (10,772) | Beaches, marshes, islands, and waters in and around New York City. One of the first two national urban recreation areas. |
| Gateway Arch | NP | E Mo. | 1935 | 193 (78) | Area commemorating westward exploration and settlement; includes Gateway Arch. See Saint Louis, Mo. |
| Gauley River | RA | W Va. | 1988 | 11,566 (4,683) | Passes through scenic valleys and gorges; whitewater boating. |
| General Grant | MM | SE N.Y. | 1958 | .76 (.31) | Tomb of President Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia. |
| George Rogers Clark | HP | SW Ind. | 1966 | 26 (11) | Memorial near the site of old Fort Sackville, seized from the British by General G. R. Clark in 1779. |
| George Washington Birthplace | MO | E Va. | 1930 | 653 (264) | Estate and reconstructed mansion. See Wakefield. |
| George Washington Carver | MO | SW Mo. | 1943 | 240 (97) | Birthplace and boyhood home of George Washington Carver. |
| George Washington Memorial Parkway | PW | Va., D.C., Md. | 1930 | 7,037 (2,849) | Parkway connecting landmarks associated with the life of George Washington along both sides of the Potomac River from Mt. Vernon to Great Falls. |
| Gettysburg | MP | S Pa. | 1895 | 6,032 (2,442) | Civil War battlefield and cemetery; site of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. See Gettysburg, Pa. |
| Giant Sequoia | MO | E Calif. | 2000 | 328,315 (132,921) | Last remaining groves of ancient sequoia trees within Sequoia National Forest. |
| Gila Cliff Dwellings | MO | SW N.Mex. | 1907 | 533 (216) | Well-preserved dwellings built by the Pueblo into a 150-ft (46-m) cliff. |
| Glacier | NP | NW Mont. | 1910 | 1,013,126 (410,172) | Glaciers, forests, and lakes; on the Continental Divide. |
| Glacier Bay | PP | SE Alaska | 1925 | 3,281,789 (1,328,660) | Active tidewater glaciers, inland fjords, preserved land and marine ecosystems. |
| Glen Canyon | RA | Ariz., Utah | 1958 | 1,254,117 (507,740) | Lake Powell, formed by the Glen Canyon Dam. |
| Golden Gate | RA | W Calif. | 1972 | 82,027 (33,209) | Beaches, forests, marshes, San Francisco's Presidio, and Alcatraz Island. One of the first urban national recreation areas. |
| Golden Spike | HP | N Utah | 1957 | 2,735 (1,107) | Site where the Union Pacific RR and the Central Pacific RR joined to form the first transcontinental railroad. |
| Governors Island | MO | SE N.Y. | 2003 | 23 (9) | Early 1800s fortifications in New York harbor and their surroundings. |
| Grand Canyon | NP | NW Ariz. | 1908 | 1,201,647 (486,497) | Great gorge of the Colorado River. See Grand Canyon. |
| Grand Canyon–Parashant | MO | NW Ariz. | 2000 | 1,014,000 (410,526) | Canyons, mountains, and buttes on the W portion of the Grand Canyon's north rim. Prehistoric and 19th-century remains; rare condors and tortoises. |
| Grand Portage | MO | NE Minn. | 1951 | 710 (287) | 9-mi (14-km) portage on the route to the Northwest used by explorers, missionaries, and fur traders. |
| Grand Staircase–Escalante | MO | S Utah | 1996 | 838,026 (339,282) | Rock formations; natural arches and bridges; prehistoric dwellings and rock art; fossil sites. |
| Grand Teton | NP | NW Wyo. | 1929 | 310,044 (125,524) | Scenic portion of the Teton Range; Jackson Hole. |
| Grant-Kohrs Ranch | HS | W Mont. | 1972 | 1,618 (655) | Headquarters of one of the largest 19th-century range ranches. |
| Great Basin | NP | E Nev. | 1986 | 77,180 (31,247) | Features Lehman Caves, an ice field on Wheeler Peak, ancient bristlecone pines, and a limestone arch. See Great Basin. |
| Great Egg Harbor | WS | SW N.J. | 1992 | 43,311 (17,535) | Largest canoeing river in the Pine Barrens. |
| Great Sand Dunes | PP | S Colo. | 1932 | 149,028 (60,335) | Large, high sand dunes in the Sangre de Cristo Mts. |
| Great Smoky Mountains | NP | N.C., Tenn. | 1926 | 522,427 (211,509) | Wild, beautiful area in the Great Smoky Mountains. |
| Greenbelt Park | PO | W central Md. | 1950 | 1,175 (476) | Woodland park. |
| Guadalupe Mountains | NP | W Tex. | 1966 | 86,367 (34,966) | Mountain region; contains a limestone fossil reef. |
| Guilford Courthouse | MP | N N.C. | 1917 | 253 (102) | See Guilford Courthouse, battle of. |
| Gulf Islands | SS | Fla., Miss. | 1971 | 138,306 (55,994) | Historic forts and white sand beaches near Pensacola, Fla.; Fort Massachusetts and primitive offshore islands in S Miss. |
| Hagerman Fossil Beds | MO | S Idaho | 1988 | 4,351 (1,762) | Fossils dating from the Pliocene era. |
| Haleakala | NP | Maui Island, Hawaii | 1916 | 33,265 (13,468) | Haleakala crater; rare and endangered species. |
| Hamilton Grange | MM | SE N.Y. | 1962 | 1.75 (.71) | Home of Alexander Hamilton. |
| Hampton | HS | NE Md. | 1948 | 62 (25) | Late-18th-century Georgian mansion. |
| Hanford Reach | MO | S central Wash. | 2000 | 195,000 (78,947) | Free-flowing nontidal stretch of the Columbia River with salmon spawning grounds and a preserved shrub-steppe ecosystem. |
| Harpers Ferry | HP | Md., W.Va. | 1944 | 3,656 (1,480) | See Harpers Ferry. |
| Harriet Tubman | HP | W N.Y. | 2017 | 32 (13) | Home and church of Harriet Tubman. |
| Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad | HP | SE Md. | 2013 | 480 (194) | Commemorates Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. |
| Harry S. Truman | HS | W Mo. | 1983 | 13 (5) | Home of Harry S. Truman from 1919 until 1972. |
| Hawaii Volcanoes | NP | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1916 | 323,654 (131,034) | Volcanic region; lush vegetation. |
| Herbert Hoover | HS | E Iowa | 1965 | 187 (76) | Birthplace, childhood home, and burial place of President Herbert Hoover. |
| Hohokam Pima | MO | Central Ariz. | 1972 | 1,690 (684) | Archaeological remains of the Hohokam culture. |
| Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt | HS | SE N.Y. | 1944 | 833 (337) | Home, “Summer White House,” and burial place of Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt. See Hyde Park. |
| Homestead | MO | SE Nebr. | 1936 | 211 (85) | Site of the first farm claimed under the Homestead Act. |
| Honouliuli | HS | Oahu, Hawaii | 2015 | 154 (62) | Site of a World War II internment and prisoner of war camp that held Japanese and European American citizens and immigrants. |
| Hopewell Culture | HP | S Ohio | 1923 | 1,770 (716) | Prehistoric burial mounds of Hopewell people. |
| Hopewell Furnace | HS | SE Pa. | 1938 | 848 (343) | 19th-century iron making site with reconstructed buildings and furnished cottages. |
| Horseshoe Bend | MP | E Ala. | 1956 | 2,040 (826) | See Horseshoe Bend. |
| Hot Springs | NP | W central Ark. | 1921 | 5,548 (2,246) | Mineral springs. |
| Hovenweep | MO | Utah, Colo. | 1923 | 785 (318) | Prehistoric Native American pueblos and cliff dwellings. |
| Hubbell Trading Post | HS | NE Ariz. | 1965 | 160 (65) | Example of a late-19th-century trading post in the Southwest. |
| Ice Age | ST | S Wis. | 1980 | … | 1,200-mi (1,900-km) trail follows glacial moraines. |
| Iditarod | HT | Alaska | 1978 | … | Former Alaska Gold Rush trail extending 2,350 mi (3,781 km) from Seward to Nome. |
| Independence | HP | SE Pa. | 1948 | 45 (18) | Historic points of interest and the Liberty Bell; site of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. See Independence Hall. |
| Indiana Dunes | NP | NW Ind. | 1966 | 15,348 (6,214) | 200-ft (60-m) sand dunes, beaches, and marshes along the south shore of Lake Michigan. |
| Ironwood Forest | MO | S Ariz. | 2000 | 129,000 (52,227) | Mountainous desert landscape with large stands of ironwood trees; saguaro forests and bighorn sheep; historic Hohokam sites. |
| Isle Royale | NP | NW Mich. | 1931 | 571,790 (231,494) | Forested island in Lake Superior. |
| James A. Garfield | HS | NE Ohio | 1980 | 8 (3) | Home of the 20th president and site of the first presidential memorial library. |
| Jean Lafitte | HP | SE La. | 1939 | 22,421 (9,073) | Includes New Orleans' French Quarter, the Chalmette Battlefield, and the Barataria and Acadian units. |
| Jewel Cave | MO | SW S.Dak. | 1908 | 1,274 (516) | Limestone caves with chambers connected by narrow passages; in the Black Hills. |
| Jimmy Carter | HS | SW Georgia | 1987 | 72 (29) | Buildings and exhibits associated with the 39th president's life. |
| John D. Rockefeller, Jr. | PW | NW Wyo. | 1972 | 23,777 (9,626) | Scenic corridor between Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks commemorating Rockefeller's role in the creation of many national parks. |
| John Day Fossil Beds | MO | N central Oreg. | 1974 | 14,062 (5,693) | Consists of Sheep Rock, Painted Hills, and Clarno locations; rich fossil remains from four prehistoric periods. |
| John Fitzgerald Kennedy | HS | E Mass. | 1967 | .09 (.04) | Birthplace and early boyhood home of President John F. Kennedy. |
| John Muir | HS | W Calif. | 1964 | 344 (139) | John Muir House and Martínez Adobe, commemorating contributions of John Muir to conservation and literature. |
| Johnstown Flood | MM | SE Pa. | 1964 | 178 (72) | Memorializes the Johnstown flood of 1889. See Johnstown, Pa. |
| Joshua Tree | NP | S Calif. | 1936 | 790,636 (320,096) | Rare Joshua trees, or “praying plants”; named by Mormons because of upstretched arms. |
| Juan Bautista de Anza | HT | W Calif. | 1990 | … | 1,200-mi (1,931-km) trail traces the path of Spanish colonists. |
| Kalaupapa | HP | N Molokai Island, Hawaii | 1980 | 10,779 (4,364) | Site of former leper colony separated from the island by 2,000-ft (610-m) cliff; ruins of Hawaiian structures. |
| Kaloko-Honokohau | HP | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1978 | 1,163 (471) | Site of important pre-European settlements. |
| Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks | MO | N central N.Mex. | 2001 | 4,645 (1,881) | Canyons, cliffs, and cone-shaped rock formations with nesting birds. |
| Katahdin Woods and Waters | MO | N central Maine | 2016 | 87,564 (35,451) | Mountains and wilderness in Maine's North Woods. |
| Katmai | PP | SE Alaska | 1918 | 4,093,228 (1,657,177) | Deep forest with lakes and active volcanoes. |
| Kenai Fjords | NP | S Alaska | 1978 | 669,650 (271,113) | Wilderness preserve, vast ice fields, fjords, and outflowing glaciers. |
| Kennesaw Mountain | BP | NW Ga. | 1917 | 2,965 (1,200) | Site of Sherman's attack on Confederate forces in the Atlanta campaign. |
| Keweenaw | HP | NW Mich. | 1992 | 1,870 (757) | Preserves features relevant to the first significant copper mining in the United States. |
| Kings Canyon | NP | E central Calif. | 1890 | 461,901 (187,004) | Canyons, peaks, sequoias. |
| Kings Mountain | MP | N S.C. | 1931 | 3,945 (1,597) | Site of a crucial American victory (Oct. 7, 1780) over the British during the Revolution. |
| Klondike Gold Rush | HP | SW Alaska, NW Wa. | 1976 | 12,996 (5,262) | Sites connected with the 1898 Klondike gold rush including Seattle's Pioneer Square, the miners' point of departure. |
| Knife River Indian Villages | HS | Central N.Dak. | 1974 | 1,749 (708) | Ruins of villages of Hidasta and Mandan Native Americans. |
| Kobuk Valley | NP | NW Alaska | 1978 | 1,750,716 (708,792) | A wildlife preserve north of the Arctic Circle; archaeological remnants of 10,000 years of human habitation. |
| Korean War Veterans Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1986 | 2 (.8) | Grouping of 19 infantry soldiers standing before a polished granite wall. |
| Lake Chelan | RA | N Wash. | 1968 | 61,946 (25,079) | Located in the Stehekin Valley and in the northern part of fjordlike Lake Chelan. |
| Lake Clark | PP | S Alaska | 1978 | 4,030,110 (1,631,623) | Waterfalls, tundra, and active volcanoes. |
| Lake Mead | RA | Ariz., Nev. | 1936 | 1,495,816 (605,594) | Lake Mead, formed by Hoover Dam, and Lake Mohave, formed by Davis Dam; the first national recreation area established by Congress. |
| Lake Meredith | RA | NW Tex. | 1965 | 44,978 (18,210) | Includes Lake Meredith, on the Canadian River, a popular water-sports area. |
| Lake Roosevelt | RA | NE Wash. | 1946 | 100,390 (40,644) | Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, formed by the Grand Coulee Dam in the Columbia River; interesting geology. |
| Lassen Volcanic | NP | N Calif. | 1907 | 106,589 (43,153) | Volcanic peaks and lava formations. |
| Lava Beds | MO | N Calif. | 1925 | 46,692 (18,904) | Examples of volcanism; scene of Modoc uprising. |
| Lewis and Clark | HP | NW Oreg., SW Wash. | 1958 | 3,410 (1,381) | Fort Clatsop, site of the winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark expedition, and other sites associated with it. Jointly managed with nearby state historical parks. |
| Lewis and Clark | HT | Mo., Neb., S.Dak., N.Dak., Mont., Idaho, Oreg. | 1978 | … | 4,900-mi (7,890-km) trail commemorates the Lewis and Clark expedition. |
| Lincoln Boyhood | MM | SW Ind. | 1962 | 200 (81) | Site of the farm where Abraham Lincoln was raised and the burial place of his mother, Mary Hanks Lincoln. |
| Lincoln Home | HS | Central Ill. | 1971 | 12 (5) | Only private home owned by Abraham Lincoln; he was living there when he was elected president. |
| Lincoln Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1911 | 7 (3) | See Lincoln Memorial. |
| Little Bighorn Battlefield | MO | SE Mont. | 1879 | 765 (310) | Site of the battle between five companies of the Seventh Cavalry, commanded by George Armstrong Custer, and the Sioux and Cheyenne. |
| Little River Canyon | PS | NE Ala. | 1992 | 15,289 (6,190) | Rock expanses, benches, and bluffs; kayaking and rock climbing. |
| Little Rock Central High School | HS | Central Ark. | 1998 | 28 (11) | Site commemorating the “Little Rock Nine” and the fight for desegregation in the schools. |
| Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters | HS | E Mass. | 1972 | 2 (.8) | Home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1837–82) in Cambridge; also George Washington's headquarters during the siege of Boston (1775–76). |
| Lowell | HP | NE Mass. | 1978 | 142 (57) | Restored site of cotton mill traces the history of the Industrial Revolution. |
| Lower Delaware | WS | Pa., N.J. | 2000 | … | 67-mi (108-km) stretch of the Delaware River. |
| Lower St. Croix | WS | E Minn., NW Wis. | 1972 | 25,276 (10,233) | First river segment added by Congress to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | HP | SE Tex. | 1969 | 1,572 (636) | Sites of the birthplace, boyhood home, and ranch of President Lyndon B. Johnson. |
| Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac | MM | NE Va. | 1973 | 17 (7) | Grove of 500 white pines overlooking Potomac River vista of the capital. |
| Maggie L. Walker | HS | E Central Va. | 1978 | 1 (.4) | Home of African-American bank president and early leader in the women's movement. |
| Mammoth Cave | NP | Central Ky. | 1926 | 54,012 (21,867) | Longest recorded cave system in the world. |
| Manassas | BP | NE Va. | 1940 | 5,073 (2,054) | See Bull Run. |
| Manhattan Project | HP | Tenn., N.Mex., Wash. | 2015 | 114 (46) | Sites associated with the Manhattan Project. |
| Manzanar | HS | E Calif. | 1992 | 814 (330) | Site of World War II internment of Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller | HP | Vt. | 1992 | 643 (260) | Home of pioneer conservationist George Perkins Marsh. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | MM | Washington, D.C. | 2011 | 3 (1) | Statue and museum dedicated to the life and work of the civil-rights leader. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | HP | N Ga. | 1980 | 39 (16) | Birthplace, church, and grave of the civil-rights leader. |
| Martin Van Buren | HS | SE N.Y. | 1974 | 285 (115) | Home of the 8th president. |
| Mary McLeod Bethune Council House | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1982 | .07 (.03) | Home and political headquarters of the educator and activist; the carriage house contains the Bethune Archives. |
| Mesa Verde | NP | SW Colo. | 1906 | 52,485 (21,249) | Prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Middle Delaware | WS | Pa., N.J. | … | A 40-mi (64-km) stretch of the Delaware River in the Delaware Water Gap. | |
| Minidoka | HS | S Idaho | 2001 | 396 (160) | Site of a World War II internment camp for Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Minute Man | HP | E Mass. | 1959 | 1,028 (416) | Scene of fighting on the opening day of the Revolutionary War; includes North Bridge, Minute Man statue, Battle Road (see Lexington and Concord, battles of), and the home of Nathaniel Hawthorne. |
| Minuteman Missile | HS | SW S.D. | 1999 | 44 (18) | Cold war intercontinental ballistic missile arsenal. |
| Mississippi | RR | SE Minn. | 1988 | 53,775 (21,771) | Cultural, historical, and industrial features of the Mississippi River. |
| Missouri | WS | S.Dak., Neb. | 1978 | 48,457 (19,618) | Two free-flowing portions of Missouri River with islands, bars, and chutes; native floodplain forest. |
| Mojave | PS | S Calif. | 1994 | 1,545,684 (625,783) | Dunes, cinder cones, historic mining scenes; protects fragile habitat of the desert tortoise. |
| Mojave Trails | MO | S Calif. | 2016 | 1,600,000 (647,773) | Mountain ranges, lava flows, sand dunes; World War II desert training sites. |
| Monocacy | BF | W Md. | 1976 | 1,627 (659) | Site commemorates the first successful defense of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War. |
| Montezuma Castle | MO | Central Ariz. | 1906 | 1,016 (411) | Well-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Moores Creek | BF | SE N.C. | 1926 | 88 (36) | Site of a battle between Patriots and Loyalists. |
| Mormon Pioneer | HT | Ill., Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah | 1978 | … | Historic trail follows the 1,300-mi (2,090-km) route taken by Brigham Young and his followers in 1847–48. |
| Morristown | HP | N N.J. | 1933 | 1,711 (693) | Site of military encampments during the Revolution; Washington's headquarters, 1779–80. |
| Mount Rainier | NP | SW Wash. | 1899 | 236,382 (95,701) | Volcanic peak and glaciers; subalpine meadows. |
| Mount Rushmore | MM | SW S.Dak. | 1925 | 1,278 (517) | Carvings of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt on the granite face of Mt. Rushmore. |
| Muir Woods | MO | W Calif. | 1908 | 554 (224) | Virgin stand of coastal redwoods. |
| Natchez | HP | SW Miss. | 1988 | 108 (44) | Melrose plantation and other antebellum buildings. |
| Natchez Trace | ST | Miss., Ala., Tenn. | 1983 | 10,995 (4,451) | Sections of the original Natchez Trace. |
| Natchez Trace | PW | Miss., Ala., Tenn. | 1938 | 52,302 (21,175) | Parkway following the general location of the old trail known as the Natchez Trace. |
| National Mall | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1933 | 156 (63) | Landscaped park, part of the L'Enfant Plan for Washington, D.C. |
| Natural Bridges | MO | SE Utah | 1908 | 7,636 (3,091) | Three huge natural sandstone bridges. |
| Navajo | MO | NE Ariz. | 1909 | 360 (146) | Ruins of large cliff dwellings. |
| New Bedford Whaling | HP | SE Mass. | 1996 | 34 (14) | Commemorates the whaling heritage of New Bedford; includes a whaling museum. |
| Newberry | MO | Central Oreg. | 1990 | 54,000 (21,862) | Volcano caldera, with lava flows, cinder cones, and the Lava Cast Forest. |
| New Orleans Jazz | HP | SE La. | 1994 | 5 (2) | Preserves and interprets jazz as it has evolved in New Orleans. |
| New River Gorge | RI | W Va. | 1978 | 72,186 (29,225) | Rugged whitewater river flows through deep canyons. |
| Nez Percé | HP | Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash. | 1965 | 4,565 (1,848) | 38 sites that preserve and commemorate the history and culture of the Nez Percé. |
| Nez Percé | HT | Oregon, Idaho, Mont., Wyo. | 1986 | … | 1,170-mi (1,883-km) trail commemorates the retreat of the Nez Percé under Chief Joseph in 1877. |
| Nicodemus | HS | NW Kans. | 1996 | 161 (65) | Site of town established by African Americans during Reconstruction. |
| Ninety Six | HS | NW S.C. | 1976 | 1,022 (414) | A frontier trading post and Revolutionary War stronghold. |
| Niobrara | WS | N Nebr. | 1991 | 29,101 (11,782) | Ecological crossroads between eastern woodlands and western grasslands. |
| Noatak | PS | NW Alaska | 1978 | 6,587,071 (2,666,830) | Mountain-ringed river basin. |
| North Cascades | NP | N Wash. | 1968 | 504,781 (204,365) | Area of noted alpine scenery in the Cascade Range; bisected by Ross Lake National Recreation Area. |
| North Country | ST | N.Y. to N.Dak. | 1980 | … | Extends 4,500 mi (7,250 km), connecting seven northern tier states. |
| Obed | WS | E Tenn. | 1976 | 5,490 (2,223) | Numerous streams and rugged scenery. |
| Ocmulgee Mounds | HP | Central Ga. | 1934 | 704 (285) | Remains of prehistoric temple mounds. |
| Olympic | NP | NW Wash. | 1909 | 922,649 (373,542) | Rain forests and glaciers in the Olympic Mountains. |
| Oregon | HT | Mo. to Oreg. | 1978 | … | Traces the c.2,000-mi (3,200-km) route of pioneers in 1841–60. |
| Oregon Caves | MR | SW Oreg. | 1909 | 4,544 (1,840) | Limestone caverns with four levels; rock formations. |
| Organ Pipe Cactus | MO | S Ariz. | 1937 | 330,689 (133,882) | Unique Sonoran Desert plants and animals. |
| Overmountain Victory | HT | Tenn., Va., N.C., S.C. | 1980 | … | Follows the 330-mi (530-km) path of revolutionary Patriots. |
| Ozark | WS | SE Mo. | 1964 | 80,785 (32,706) | Scenic parts of the Current and Jacks Fork rivers; the first national scenic river. |
| Pacific Crest | ST | Calif., Oreg., Wash. | 1968 | … | Follows the Sierra and Cascade peaks 2,650 mi (4,265 km) from Mexico to Canada; one of the first two components of the National Trails System. |
| Padre Island | SS | S Tex. | 1962 | 130,434 (52,807) | See Padre Island, Tex. |
| Palo Alto Battlefield | HP | S Tex. | 1978 | 3,442 (1,394) | Site of the first major battle of the Mexican War. |
| Paterson Great Falls | HP | NE N.J. | 2009 | 51 (21) | Industrial history sites on the Great Falls of the Passaic River. |
| Pea Ridge | MP | NW Ark. | 1956 | 4,300 (1,741) | Site of the Civil War battle of Pea Ridge, which saved Missouri for the Union. |
| Pearl Harbor | MM | Oahu Island, Hawaii | 2019 | 21 (9) | Commemorates the Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor; includes the USS Arizona Memorial. |
| Pecos | HP | N N.Mex. | 1965 | 6,693 (2,710) | 15th-century ruins of Pecos Pueblo, once the largest Native American settlement in the Southwest. |
| Pennsylvania Avenue | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1965 | 18 (7) | Portion of Pennsylvania Ave. and adjacent area between the Capitol and the White House. |
| Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial | MM | N Ohio | 1936 | 25 (10) | Scene of the victory near Put-in Bay of Oliver H. Perry in the War of 1812. |
| Petersburg | BF | SE Va. | 1926 | 9,638 (3,902) | Scene of the Battle of the Crater and a 10-month Union campaign (1864–65) to seize Petersburg, Va. |
| Petrified Forest | NP | E Ariz. | 1906 | 221,390 (89,632) | Petrified logs; portions of the Painted Desert. |
| Petroglyph | MO | Central N.Mex. | 1990 | 7,209 (2,919) | More than 15,000 prehistoric and historic Native American and Hispanic petroglyphs and rock art carvings. |
| Pictured Rocks | LS | N Mich. | 1966 | 73,236 (29,650) | Sandstone cliffs, marshes, dunes, and waterfalls along Lake Superior; the first national lakeshore. |
| Pinnacles | NP | W Calif. | 1908 | 26,686 (10,804) | Rock spires from 500 to 1,200 ft (150 to 365 m) high; caves. |
| Pipe Spring | MO | NW Ariz. | 1923 | 40 (16) | Spring first visited by the Mormons; old fort. |
| Pipestone | MO | SW Minn. | 1937 | 282 (114) | Quarry that was a source for Native American peace pipes; park includes Upper Midwest Indian Cultural Center. |
| Piscataway Park | PO | S Md. | 1961 | 4,616 (1,869) | Preserves the view from Mt. Vernon of the opposite shore of the Potomac River. |
| Point Reyes | SS | W Calif. | 1962 | 71,053 (28,766) | Coastal area with beaches and steep bluffs. |
| Pompeys Pillar | MO | S central Mont. | 2001 | 51 (21) | Large sandstone butte on Yellowstone River with inscription by William Clark. |
| Pony Express | HT | Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah, Nev., Calif. | 1992 | … | Follows the 1,966-mi (3,163-km) route of the pony express riders in 1860–61. |
| Port Chicago Naval Magazine | MM | Central Calif. | 1992 | 5 (2) | Site of a massive munitions explosion in 1944; World War II's worst home front disaster. |
| Potomac Heritage | ST | Va., D.C., Md., Pa. | 1983 | … | 704-mi (1,133-km) trail connects the tidewater regions to the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania. |
| Poverty Point | MO | NE La. | 1988 | 911 (369) | Remains of a 2d millenium B.C. culture. |
| President Lincoln and Soldier's Home | MO | Washington, D.C. | 2000 | 2.3 (.9) | Historic Anderson Cottage, used as a summer retreat by Lincoln and other presidents. |
| President's Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1943 | 82 (33) | Includes the White House, Lafayette Square, the Ellipse, and the White House Visitor Center. |
| President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home | HS | SW Ark. | 2010 | .68 (.28) | Early childhood home of President Bill Clinton. |
| Prince William Forest Park | PO | NE Va. | 1936 | 16,081 (6,511) | Pine and hardwood forests of the Quantico Creek watershed. |
| Pullman | MO | Chicago, Ill. | 2015 | 203 (82) | America's first planned industrial town; factories and buildings associated with the Pullman Palace Car Company. |
| Pu'uhonua o Honaunau | HP | SW Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1955 | 420 (170) | Ancient Hawaiian sanctuary and royal residence. |
| Puukohola Heiau | HS | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1972 | 86 (35) | Ruins of temple built (1791) by King Kamehameha the Great. |
| Rainbow Bridge | MO | S Utah | 1910 | 160 (65) | Pink sandstone arch. |
| Reconstruction Era | HP | SE S.C. | 2017 | 16 (6) | Sites associated with emancipated African Americans and Reconstruction. |
| Redwood | NP | NW Calif. | 1968 | 138,999 (56,275) | Coastal redwood forests. |
| Richmond | BP | E Va. | 1936 | 8,171 (3,308) | Commemorates Civil War battles of Cold Harbor, Drewry's Bluff, Gaines Mill, Malvern Hill, and Beaver Dam Creek. |
| Rio Grande | WS | S Tex. | 1978 | 13,123 (5,313) | U.S. shore of the Rio Grande in the Chihuahuan Desert. |
| River Raisin | BP | SE Mich. | 2010 | 42 (17) | Site of the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812. |
| Rock Creek Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1890 | 1,755 (711) | Wooded preserve, one of the largest urban parks in the nation. |
| Rocky Mountain | NP | Central Colo. | 1915 | 265,807 (107,614) | Scenic Rocky Mountains region on the Continental Divide; many high, snowcapped peaks. |
| Roger Williams | MM | E R.I. | 1965 | 5 (2) | Memorial to Roger Williams, the founder of the Rhode Island colony and a pioneer of religious freedom. |
| Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front | HP | W. Calif. | 2000 | 145 (59) | Shipyards and a tank factory; the civilian home front during World War II. |
| Ross Lake | RA | N Wash. | 1968 | 117,575 (47,601) | Extends along the Skagit River canyon; bisects North Cascades National Park. |
| Russell Cave | MO | NE Ala. | 1961 | 310 (126) | Cave containing a nearly continuous archaeological record of human habitation from about 7000 B.C. to A.D. 1650. |
| Sagamore Hill | HS | SE N.Y. | 1962 | 83 (34) | Estate and Victorian-style home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Saguaro | NP | SE Ariz. | 1933 | 91,716 (37,132) | Saguaro, other cacti, varied desert growth. |
| Saint Croix | WS | Minn., Wis. | 1968 | 67,467 (27,315) | 200 mi (322 km) of the St. Croix River and its Namekagon tributary; trails, camping, boating. |
| Saint Croix Island | IS | E Maine | 1949 | 6.5 (3) | Commemorates the French settlement on the island in the Saint Croix River. |
| Saint-Gaudens | HP | W N.H. | 1964 | 191 (77) | Memorial to sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens; his home, studios, gardens. |
| Saint Paul's Church | HS | SE N.Y. | 1943 | 6 (2) | 18th-century church associated with the events leading to the arrest of John Peter Zenger; includes Bill of Rights museum. |
| Salem Maritime | HS | NE Mass. | 1938 | 9 (4) | Wharves and buildings important during Salem's seafaring days. |
| Salinas Pueblo Missions | MO | Central N.Mex. | 1909 | 1,071 (434) | Four 17th-century mission churches and ruins of three Pueblo villages. |
| Salt River Bay | HP | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | 1992 | 989 (400) | Fort Sale; upland watersheds, mangrove forests, estuarine and marine environments. |
| San Antonio Missions | HP | S central Tex. | 1978 | 948 (384) | Four missions situated on the San Antonio River; important examples of Spanish cultural influence. |
| Sand Creek Massacre | HS | E Colo | 2007 | 12,583 (5,094) | Site of the 1864 massacre of the Cheyenne (see Sand Creek). |
| Sand to Snow | MO | S Calif | 2016 | 154,000 (62,348) | See Sand to Snow National Monument. |
| San Francisco Maritime | HP | N Calif. | 1988 | 50 (20) | Largest collection of historic ships in the United States; exhibits on maritime history. |
| San Juan | HS | NE Puerto Rico | 1949 | 75 (30) | Oldest fortification within the limits of U.S. territory, built (16th cent.) by the Spanish to protect the harbor guarding the sea lanes to the New World. |
| San Juan Island | HP | NW Wash. | 1966 | 2,146 (869) | Dedicated to the peaceful relationship between the United States, Britain, and Canada since the San Juan Boundary Dispute. |
| Santa Fe | HT | Mo., Kans., Okla., Col., N.Mex. | 1987 | … | Traces the 1,203-mi (1,936-km) route of the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Santa Monica Mountains | RA | SW Calif. | 1978 | 156,618 (63,408) | Rugged, chaparral-covered landscape fronting on sandy beaches. |
| Saratoga | HP | E N.Y. | 1938 | 3,579 (1,449) | Scene of a famous battle in the American Revolution. See Saratoga campaign. |
| Saugus Iron Works | HS | E Mass. | 1968 | 9 (4) | Reconstruction of the 17th-century Colonial ironworks. |
| Scotts Bluff | MO | W Nebr. | 1919 | 3,005 (1,217) | Landmark on the Oregon Trail. |
| Sequoia | NP | E Calif. | 1890 | 404,063 (163,588) | Groves of giant sequoias. |
| Shenandoah | NP | N Va. | 1926 | 199,218 (80,655) | Forested region of the Blue Ridge Mts. |
| Shiloh | MP | SW Tenn. | 1894 | 7,932 (3,211) | Site of the Civil War battle of Shiloh. Shiloh National Cemetery is there. |
| Sitka | HP | SE Alaska | 1910 | 116 (47) | Site of the Tlingit peoples' defeat by Russian settlers in 1804. See Sitka. |
| Sleeping Bear Dunes | LS | W central Mich. | 1970 | 71,251 (28,847) | Section of the Lake Michigan shoreline and the North and South Manitoulin islands; beaches, sand dunes, forests. |
| Sonoran Desert | MO | SW Ariz. | 2001 | 486,400 (196,923) | Biologically diverse desert with mountain ranges and lowland valleys. Historical and archaeological remains. |
| Springfield Armory | HS | Mass. | 1974 | 55 (22) | Large weapons museum housed in former arsenal. |
| Statue of Liberty | MO | SE N.Y. | 1924 | 58 (23) | See Liberty, Statue of. |
| Steamtown | HS | NE Pa. | 1986 | 62 (25) | A railyard containing America's largest collection of steam-era locomotives and railroad cars. |
| Stones River | BF | Central Tenn. | 1927 | 709 (287) | See Murfreesboro, Tenn. Site of Stones River National Cemetery. |
| Stonewall | MO | New York City | 2016 | 8 (3) | Site of 1969 Stonewall riot, the beginning of the modern gay-rights movement. |
| Sunset Crater Volcano | MO | N Ariz. | 1930 | 3,040 (1,231) | Volcanic cinder cone with multicolored crater. |
| Tallgrass Prairie | PS | E Kans. | 1996 | 10,883 (4,406) | Surviving remnant of the tallgrass ecosystem. |
| Thaddeus Kosciuszko | MM | SE Pa. | 1972 | .02 (.01) | Commemorates the life and work of Thaddeus Kosciusko. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | NP | W N.Dak. | 1947 | 70,447 (28,521) | Part of Roosevelt's Elkhorn Ranch; badlands along the Little Missouri River. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace | HS | SE N.Y. | 1962 | .11 (.04) | Birthplace and boyhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural | HS | W N.Y. | 1966 | 1 (.4) | Ansley Wilcox House, where Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office (1901) as president. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Island | PO | Washington, D.C., Va. | 1932 | 89 (36) | Wilderness preserve in the Potomac River; a tribute to the “conservationist president.” |
| Thomas Edison | HP | NE N.J. | 1962 | 21 (9) | Buildings and equipment used by Thomas A. Edison. |
| Thomas Jefferson | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1934 | 18 (7) | See Thomas Jefferson Memorial. |
| Thomas Stone | HS | S Md. | 1978 | 328 (133) | Georgian-style home, Habre-de-Ventre, of a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Timpanogos Cave | MO | N Utah | 1922 | 250 (101) | Limestone cavern on Mt. Timpanogos. |
| Timucan Ecological and Historic Preserve | PS | NE Fla. | 1988 | 46,263 (18,730) | Atlantic coastal marshes, islands, tidal creeks. |
| Tonto | MO | Central Ariz. | 1907 | 1,120 (453) | 14th-century Native-American cliff dwellings. |
| Trail of Tears | HT | N.C., Tenn., Ga., Ala., Ark., Okla. | 1987 | … | 2,200-mi (3,540-km) trail commemorates the routes of forced migration of more than 15,000 Cherokee from their ancestral homes. |
| Tule Lake | MO | NE Calif. | 2019 | 1,391 (563) | Tule Lake War Relocation Center, where Japanese Americans were interned during World War II. |
| Tule Springs Fossil Beds | MO | S Nev. | 2014 | 22,650 (9,170) | Ice age fossils of mammoths, lions, and camels. |
| Tumacacori | HP | S Ariz. | 1908 | 360 (146) | Mission founded by Father Eusebio F. Kino; rebuilt by the Franciscans. |
| Tupelo | BF | NE Miss. | 1929 | 1 (.4) | See Tupelo, Miss. |
| Tuskegee Airmen | HS | SE Ala. | 1999 | 90 (36) | Site commemorating the African-American Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. |
| Tuskegee Institute | HS | S Ala. | 1974 | 58 (23) | First institution of higher learning for the vocational training of African Americans; founded in 1881. |
| Tuzigoot | MO | Central Ariz. | 1939 | 812 (329) | Excavated ruins of a large Native American pueblo. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | HS | E Mo. | 1989 | 10 (4) | Pre–Civil War home of Ulysses S. Grant. |
| Upper Delaware | WS | Pa., N.Y. | 1978 | 75,000 (30,364) | Fishing and boating. |
| Upper Missouri River Breaks | MO | N central Mont. | 2001 | 378,000 (153,036) | Rugged, remote ecosystem paralleling the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River; explored by Lewis and Clark. |
| Valles Caldera | PS | NW N. Mex. | 2014 | 89,766 (36,343) | 12–15 mi-wide (19–24 km) caldera formed by eruptions c. 1.6 and 1.2 million years ago; mountain meadows, abundant wildlife. |
| Valley Forge | HP | SE Pa. | 1976 | 3,469 (1,404) | Soldiers' huts and preserved buildings re-create the 1777–78 Continental Army encampment. |
| Vanderbilt Mansion | HS | E N.Y. | 1940 | 212 (86) | 19th-century palatial Victorian residence of a grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt. |
| Vermilion Cliffs | MO | N Ariz. | 2000 | 294,000 (119,028) | Remote cliffs, plateaus, canyons, and desert grasslands; fossilized dinosaur footprints. |
| Vicksburg | MP | W Miss. | 1899 | 1,815 (735) | Site of the Vicksburg campaign of the Civil War and Vicksburg National Cemetery. |
| Vietnam Veterans Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1980 | 2 (.8) | See Vietnam Veterans Memorial. |
| Virgin Islands | NP | St. John, Virgin Islands | 1956 | 14,945 (6,051) | Unusual scenery, marine life, coral gardens; ruins of Danish colonial sugar plantations. |
| Virgin Islands Coral Reef | MO | Off St. John, Virgin Islands | 2001 | 12,708 (5,145) | Mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, home to many sea animals and birds. |
| Voyageurs | NP | N Minn. | 1971 | 218,200 (88,340) | Scenic northern lakes region; interesting glacial features and history. |
| Waco Mammoth | MO | E Central Tex. | 2015 | 5 (2) | Remains of mammoths, camels, and other Pleistocene animals. |
| Walnut Canyon | MO | N Ariz. | 1915 | 3,201 (1,296) | 12th-century Sinagua cliff dwellings. |
| War in the Pacific | HP | Central Guam | 1978 | 2,031 (822) | Artifacts of World War II in the Pacific theater. |
| Washington Monument | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1848 | 106 (43) | 555-ft (169-m) high obelisk honoring Washington. |
| Washita Battlefield | HS | Okla. | 1848 | 315 (128) | Site of a Southern Cheyenne village attacked by General Custer on November 27, 1868. |
| Weir Farm | HS | Conn. | 1990 | 74 (30) | Home and studio of the American impressionist painter J. Alden Weir. |
| Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity | RA | N Calif. | 1965 | 246,087 (99,630) | Reservoirs, forestland, and Whiskeytown Falls. |
| White Sands | NP | S N.Mex. | 1933 | 143,704 (58,180) | Wind-drifted gypsum sands. |
| Whitman Mission | HS | SW Wash. | 1936 | 139 (56) | Site of the mission of Dr. Marcus Whitman. |
| William Howard Taft | HS | SW Ohio | 1969 | 4 (2) | Birthplace and early home of President William Howard Taft. |
| Wilson's Creek | BF | SW Mo. | 1960 | 2,408 (975) | Site of first major Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi. |
| Wind Cave | NP | SW S.Dak. | 1903 | 33,971 (13,753) | Limestone caverns in the Black Hills. |
| Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts | PO | N Va. | 1966 | 130 (53) | Set in a rolling, wooded landscaped area to provide artistic enjoyment and recreation; first national park for the performing arts. |
| Women's Rights | HP | W N.Y. | 1980 | 7 (3) | Includes Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, site of first women's rights convention (1848), and the home of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
| World War II | MM | Washington, D.C. | 2004 | 7 (3) | Honors members of the armed forces and civilians who supported them during World War II. |
| Wrangell–St. Elias | PP | SW Alaska | 1978 | 13,175,791 (5,334,328) | Largest unit in the National Park System; numerous peaks over 16,000 ft (4,900 m), abundant wildlife. |
| Wright Brothers | MM | NE N.C. | 1927 | 428 (173) | Scene of the first (1903) successful flight of the Wright brothers. |
| Wupatki | MO | N Ariz. | 1924 | 35,402 (14,333) | Several prehistoric pueblos. |
| Yellowstone | NP | Wyo., Mont., Idaho | 1872 | 2,219,791 (898,701) | Geysers and hot springs, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone; first national park. |
| Yosemite | NP | E central Calif. | 1890 | 761,748 (308,400) | Mountain region with Yosemite Valley; notable waterfalls. |
| Yucca House | MO | SW Colo. | 1919 | 34 (14) | Unexcavated ruins of a prehistoric Native American village. |
| Yukon-Charley Rivers | PS | E central Alaska | 1978 | 2,526,512 (1,022,879) | Peregrine falcons, 1898 Gold Rush relics. |
| Zion | NP | SW Utah | 1909 | 147,243 (59,613) | Multicolored canyon in a desert region. |
National Monuments
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Burial Ground | MO | SE N.Y. | 2006 | .35 (.14) | Burial ground for free and enslaved Africans in the 1600s and 1700s. |
| Agate Fossil Beds | MO | NW Nebr. | 1965 | 3,058 (1,238) | World-famous quarries containing numerous well-preserved Miocene mammal fossils; museum of Native American artifacts. |
| Agua Fria | MO | Central Ariz. | 2000 | 71,100 (28,796) | A Native American settlement system dating to A.D. 1250–1450, spread over two mesas and the Agua Fria River canyon; more than 450 sites with pueblos, stone forts, and petroglyphs. |
| Aleutian Islands World War II | MO | SW Alaska | 2019 | 4,950 (2,004) | World War II sites on three Aleutian Islands. |
| Alibates Flint Quarries | MO | NW Tex. | 1965 | 1,371 (555) | Flint quarries, first worked by Native Americans c.10,000 years ago; rich archaeological and historic area. |
| Aniakchak | MR | SW Alaska | 1978 | 601,294 (243,439) | Volcano; wilderness and wildlife preserve. |
| Aztec Ruins | MO | NW N.Mex. | 1923 | 319 (129) | Ruins of a Pueblo town. |
| Bandelier | MO | N N.Mex. | 1916 | 33,677 (13,634) | Ruins of 13th-century Pueblo cliff dwellings. |
| Belmont-Paul Women's Equality | MO | Washington, D.C. | 2016 | .34 (.13) | Sewall-Belmont House and Museum, headquarters of the National Woman's party. |
| Birmingham Civil Rights | MO | Central Ala. | 2017 | 18 (7) | Commemorates work of the civil rights movement in Birmingham. |
| Booker T. Washington | MO | Central Va. | 1956 | 239 (97) | Birthplace and childhood home of Booker T. Washington. |
| Buck Island Reef | MO | Buck Island, Virgin Islands | 1961 | 19,015 (7,698) | One of the finest marine gardens in the Caribbean; bird rookeries and grottoes. |
| Cabrillo | MO | SW Calif. | 1913 | 160 (65) | Memorial to Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo. |
| California Coastal | MO | W Calif. | 2000 | 6,230 (2,522) | Thousands of islands, rocks, and reefs within 12 mi (19 km) of California's 840-mi (1,350-km) coastline as well as Point Arena-Stornetta on the mainland; includes nesting grounds of seabirds and marine mammals. |
| Camp Nelson Heritage | MO | Central Ky. | 2018 | 525 (213) | Union Civil War supply depot, hospital, and training center for African-American troops. |
| Canyon de Chelly | MO | NE Ariz. | 1931 | 83,840 (33,943) | Ruins of prehistoric Native American villages. |
| Canyons of the Ancients | MO | SW Colo. | 2000 | 176,000 (71,255) | Rugged landscape that is archaeologically rich, with some sites dating to 10,000 years ago; later pit houses, cliff dwellings, and pueblos. |
| Cape Krusenstern | MO | Alaska | 1978 | 649,096 (262,792) | Archaeological sites of indigenous communities dating back 4,000 years. |
| Capulin Volcano | MO | NE N.Mex. | 1916 | 793 (321) | Huge cinder cone of inactive volcano. |
| Carrizo Plain | MO | W central Calif. | 2001 | 204,107 (82,634) | Grasslands and wetlands, including akali Soda Lake, in Central Valley. Home to threatened or endangered species. |
| Casa Grande Ruins | MO | S Ariz. | 1892 | 473 (191) | Huge building built c.600 years ago and other Ancestral Sonoran adobe ruins. |
| Cascade-Siskiyou | MO | S central Oreg. | 2000 | 114,000 (46,154) | A biologically diverse and ecologically unique area that also includes Soda Mountain, Pilot Rock, and Siskiyou Pass. |
| Castillo de San Marcos | MO | NE Fla. | 1924 | 19 (8) | Old Spanish masonry fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Castle Clinton | MO | SE N.Y. | 1946 | 1 (.4) | See Battery, the. |
| Cedar Breaks | MO | SW Utah | 1933 | 6,155 (2,492) | Amphitheater (2,000 ft/610 m deep) formed by erosion. |
| Cedar Creek and Belle Grove | MO | N Va. | 2002 | 3,707 (1,501) | Site of a Civil War battle and Belle Grove Plantation. |
| César E. Chávez | MO | S. Calif. | 2002 | 117 (47) | Home and gravesite of César Chávez and United Farm Workers headquarters. |
| Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers | MO | SW Ohio | 2013 | 60 (24) | Home of Colonel Charles Young, a buffalo soldier and the first African-American army colonel. |
| Chiricahua | MO | SE Ariz. | 1924 | 12,025 (4,868) | Unusual rock formations. |
| Colorado | MO | W Colo. | 1911 | 20,536 (8,314) | Huge monoliths and other unusual erosional features. |
| Craters of the Moon | MR | S Idaho | 1924 | 752,378 (304,606) | Volcanic cones, craters, and fissures, and lava fields. |
| Devils Postpile | MO | E Calif. | 1911 | 800 (324) | Basaltic columns, some 60 ft (18 m) high. |
| Devils Tower | MO | NE Wyo. | 1906 | 1,347 (545) | Volcanic rock tower; first national monument. |
| Dinosaur | MO | Colo., Utah | 1915 | 210,282 (85,134) | Rich quarries of well-preserved fossils. |
| Effigy Mounds | MO | NE Iowa | 1949 | 2,526 (1,023) | Outstanding examples of prehistoric Native American mounds. |
| El Malpais | MO | N.Mex. | 1987 | 114,347 (46,294) | In English, “the badlands”; volcanic area; also rich in Pueblo history. |
| El Morro | MO | W N.Mex. | 1906 | 1,279 (518) | Sandstone monolith with inscriptions of Spanish explorers and American pioneers. |
| Florissant Fossil Beds | MO | Central Colo. | 1969 | 5,998 (2,428) | Well-preserved insect, seed, and leaf fossils of the Oligocene period; petrified sequoia tree stumps. |
| Fort Frederica | MO | SE Ga. | 1936 | 284 (115) | Ruins of a fort built by James Oglethorpe on one of the Sea Islands. |
| Fort McHenry | MO | N Md. | 1925 | 43 (17) | See Fort McHenry. |
| Fort Matanzas | MO | NE Fla. | 1924 | 300 (121) | Spanish fort in Saint Augustine, Fla. |
| Fort Monroe | MO | SE Va. | 2011 | 367 (149) | See Fort Monroe. |
| Fort Pulaski | MO | SE Ga. | 1924 | 5,623 (2,277) | Fort on Cockspur Island. See Fort Pulaski. |
| Fort Stanwix | MO | Central N.Y. | 1935 | 16 (6) | See Fort Stanwix. |
| Fort Union | MO | NW N.Mex. | 1954 | 721 (292) | Ruins of a U.S. army fort on the Santa Fe Trail. |
| Fossil Butte | MO | W Wyo. | 1972 | 8,198 (3,319) | Area containing Paleocene–Eocene fossil fish. |
| Freedom Riders | MO | NE Ala. | 2017 | 6 (2) | Sites of mob attacks against an integrated group of Freedom Riders. |
| George Washington Birthplace | MO | E Va. | 1930 | 653 (264) | Estate and reconstructed mansion. See Wakefield. |
| George Washington Carver | MO | SW Mo. | 1943 | 240 (97) | Birthplace and boyhood home of George Washington Carver. |
| Giant Sequoia | MO | E Calif. | 2000 | 328,315 (132,921) | Last remaining groves of ancient sequoia trees within Sequoia National Forest. |
| Gila Cliff Dwellings | MO | SW N.Mex. | 1907 | 533 (216) | Well-preserved dwellings built by the Pueblo into a 150-ft (46-m) cliff. |
| Governors Island | MO | SE N.Y. | 2003 | 23 (9) | Early 1800s fortifications in New York harbor and their surroundings. |
| Grand Canyon–Parashant | MO | NW Ariz. | 2000 | 1,014,000 (410,526) | Canyons, mountains, and buttes on the W portion of the Grand Canyon's north rim. Prehistoric and 19th-century remains; rare condors and tortoises. |
| Grand Portage | MO | NE Minn. | 1951 | 710 (287) | 9-mi (14-km) portage on the route to the Northwest used by explorers, missionaries, and fur traders. |
| Grand Staircase–Escalante | MO | S Utah | 1996 | 838,026 (339,282) | Rock formations; natural arches and bridges; prehistoric dwellings and rock art; fossil sites. |
| Hagerman Fossil Beds | MO | S Idaho | 1988 | 4,351 (1,762) | Fossils dating from the Pliocene era. |
| Hanford Reach | MO | S central Wash. | 2000 | 195,000 (78,947) | Free-flowing nontidal stretch of the Columbia River with salmon spawning grounds and a preserved shrub-steppe ecosystem. |
| Hohokam Pima | MO | Central Ariz. | 1972 | 1,690 (684) | Archaeological remains of the Hohokam culture. |
| Homestead | MO | SE Nebr. | 1936 | 211 (85) | Site of the first farm claimed under the Homestead Act. |
| Hovenweep | MO | Utah, Colo. | 1923 | 785 (318) | Prehistoric Native American pueblos and cliff dwellings. |
| Ironwood Forest | MO | S Ariz. | 2000 | 129,000 (52,227) | Mountainous desert landscape with large stands of ironwood trees; saguaro forests and bighorn sheep; historic Hohokam sites. |
| Jewel Cave | MO | SW S.Dak. | 1908 | 1,274 (516) | Limestone caves with chambers connected by narrow passages; in the Black Hills. |
| John Day Fossil Beds | MO | N central Oreg. | 1974 | 14,062 (5,693) | Consists of Sheep Rock, Painted Hills, and Clarno locations; rich fossil remains from four prehistoric periods. |
| Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks | MO | N central N.Mex. | 2001 | 4,645 (1,881) | Canyons, cliffs, and cone-shaped rock formations with nesting birds. |
| Katahdin Woods and Waters | MO | N central Maine | 2016 | 87,564 (35,451) | Mountains and wilderness in Maine's North Woods. |
| Lava Beds | MO | N Calif. | 1925 | 46,692 (18,904) | Examples of volcanism; scene of Modoc uprising. |
| Little Bighorn Battlefield | MO | SE Mont. | 1879 | 765 (310) | Site of the battle between five companies of the Seventh Cavalry, commanded by George Armstrong Custer, and the Sioux and Cheyenne. |
| Mojave Trails | MO | S Calif. | 2016 | 1,600,000 (647,773) | Mountain ranges, lava flows, sand dunes; World War II desert training sites. |
| Montezuma Castle | MO | Central Ariz. | 1906 | 1,016 (411) | Well-preserved prehistoric cliff dwellings. |
| Muir Woods | MO | W Calif. | 1908 | 554 (224) | Virgin stand of coastal redwoods. |
| Natural Bridges | MO | SE Utah | 1908 | 7,636 (3,091) | Three huge natural sandstone bridges. |
| Navajo | MO | NE Ariz. | 1909 | 360 (146) | Ruins of large cliff dwellings. |
| Newberry | MO | Central Oreg. | 1990 | 54,000 (21,862) | Volcano caldera, with lava flows, cinder cones, and the Lava Cast Forest. |
| Oregon Caves | MR | SW Oreg. | 1909 | 4,544 (1,840) | Limestone caverns with four levels; rock formations. |
| Organ Pipe Cactus | MO | S Ariz. | 1937 | 330,689 (133,882) | Unique Sonoran Desert plants and animals. |
| Petroglyph | MO | Central N.Mex. | 1990 | 7,209 (2,919) | More than 15,000 prehistoric and historic Native American and Hispanic petroglyphs and rock art carvings. |
| Pipe Spring | MO | NW Ariz. | 1923 | 40 (16) | Spring first visited by the Mormons; old fort. |
| Pipestone | MO | SW Minn. | 1937 | 282 (114) | Quarry that was a source for Native American peace pipes; park includes Upper Midwest Indian Cultural Center. |
| Pompeys Pillar | MO | S central Mont. | 2001 | 51 (21) | Large sandstone butte on Yellowstone River with inscription by William Clark. |
| Poverty Point | MO | NE La. | 1988 | 911 (369) | Remains of a 2d millenium B.C. culture. |
| President Lincoln and Soldier's Home | MO | Washington, D.C. | 2000 | 2.3 (.9) | Historic Anderson Cottage, used as a summer retreat by Lincoln and other presidents. |
| Pullman | MO | Chicago, Ill. | 2015 | 203 (82) | America's first planned industrial town; factories and buildings associated with the Pullman Palace Car Company. |
| Rainbow Bridge | MO | S Utah | 1910 | 160 (65) | Pink sandstone arch. |
| Russell Cave | MO | NE Ala. | 1961 | 310 (126) | Cave containing a nearly continuous archaeological record of human habitation from about 7000 B.C. to A.D. 1650. |
| Salinas Pueblo Missions | MO | Central N.Mex. | 1909 | 1,071 (434) | Four 17th-century mission churches and ruins of three Pueblo villages. |
| Sand to Snow | MO | S Calif | 2016 | 154,000 (62,348) | See Sand to Snow National Monument. |
| Scotts Bluff | MO | W Nebr. | 1919 | 3,005 (1,217) | Landmark on the Oregon Trail. |
| Sonoran Desert | MO | SW Ariz. | 2001 | 486,400 (196,923) | Biologically diverse desert with mountain ranges and lowland valleys. Historical and archaeological remains. |
| Statue of Liberty | MO | SE N.Y. | 1924 | 58 (23) | See Liberty, Statue of. |
| Stonewall | MO | New York City | 2016 | 8 (3) | Site of 1969 Stonewall riot, the beginning of the modern gay-rights movement. |
| Sunset Crater Volcano | MO | N Ariz. | 1930 | 3,040 (1,231) | Volcanic cinder cone with multicolored crater. |
| Timpanogos Cave | MO | N Utah | 1922 | 250 (101) | Limestone cavern on Mt. Timpanogos. |
| Tonto | MO | Central Ariz. | 1907 | 1,120 (453) | 14th-century Native-American cliff dwellings. |
| Tule Lake | MO | NE Calif. | 2019 | 1,391 (563) | Tule Lake War Relocation Center, where Japanese Americans were interned during World War II. |
| Tule Springs Fossil Beds | MO | S Nev. | 2014 | 22,650 (9,170) | Ice age fossils of mammoths, lions, and camels. |
| Tuzigoot | MO | Central Ariz. | 1939 | 812 (329) | Excavated ruins of a large Native American pueblo. |
| Upper Missouri River Breaks | MO | N central Mont. | 2001 | 378,000 (153,036) | Rugged, remote ecosystem paralleling the Upper Missouri National Wild and Scenic River; explored by Lewis and Clark. |
| Vermilion Cliffs | MO | N Ariz. | 2000 | 294,000 (119,028) | Remote cliffs, plateaus, canyons, and desert grasslands; fossilized dinosaur footprints. |
| Virgin Islands Coral Reef | MO | Off St. John, Virgin Islands | 2001 | 12,708 (5,145) | Mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, home to many sea animals and birds. |
| Waco Mammoth | MO | E Central Tex. | 2015 | 5 (2) | Remains of mammoths, camels, and other Pleistocene animals. |
| Walnut Canyon | MO | N Ariz. | 1915 | 3,201 (1,296) | 12th-century Sinagua cliff dwellings. |
| Wupatki | MO | N Ariz. | 1924 | 35,402 (14,333) | Several prehistoric pueblos. |
| Yucca House | MO | SW Colo. | 1919 | 34 (14) | Unexcavated ruins of a prehistoric Native American village. |
National and International Historic Sites and Historical Parks
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abraham Lincoln Birthplace | HP | Central Ky. | 1916 | 344.5 (139) | Traditional birthplace cabin in memorial building on site of Lincoln's birthplace. |
| Adams | HP | E Mass. | 1946 | 23.82 (10) | Home of Presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and other members of the family. |
| Allegheny Portage Railroad | HS | SW Pa. | 1964 | 1,284 (520) | Inclined-plane railroad that lifted passengers and cargoes of boats on the Pennsylvania Canal over the Allegheny Mts. |
| Andersonville | HS | SW Ga. | 1970 | 516 (209) | Civil War prison camp and national prisoner of war memorial. See under Andersonville. |
| Andrew Johnson | HS | NE Tenn. | 1935 | 17 (7) | Home, shop, and grave of President Andrew Johnson; site includes Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. |
| Appomattox Court House | HP | S central Va. | 1930 | 1,775 (719) | Site of Lee's surrender to Grant. See under Appomattox, Va. |
| Bent's Old Fort | HS | SE Colo. | 1960 | 799 (323) | Fur-trading post and rest station on the Santa Fe Trail; built c.1830 by Charles Bent and William Bent. See Bent's Fort. |
| Blackstone River Valley | HP | Mass., R.I. | 2014 | 1,489 (603) | Historic industrial sites in the Blackstone River Valley. |
| Boston | HP | E Mass. | 1974 | 44 (18) | Many sites include Old South Meeting House, the home of Paul Revere, obelisk commemorating the Battle of Bunker Hill, and part of the Charlestown Navy Yard. |
| Boston African American | HS | E Mass. | 1980 | .59 (.24) | Oldest African-American church in the United States and the Black Heritage Trail. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | HS | NE Kansas | 1992 | 2 (.8) | See Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kans. |
| Cane River Creole | HP | SE La. | 1994 | 206 (83) | Plantations and other sites associated with the development of Creole culture. |
| Carl Sandburg Home | HS | SW N.C. | 1968 | 268 (109) | Farm home of author Carl Sandburg. |
| Carter G. Woodson | HS | Washington, D.C. | 2006 | .15 (.06) | Home of Carter G. Woodson, African-American historian and educator. |
| Chaco Culture | HP | NW N.Mex. | 1907 | 33,960 (13,749) | 13 pre-Columbian ruins of the Ancestral Pueblo peoples, representing the highest point of Ancestral Pueblo civilization (A.D. 850–1100). |
| Charles Pinckney | HS | SE S.C. | 1988 | 28 (11) | Home and estate of American diplomat and framer of the Constitution. |
| Chesapeake and Ohio Canal | HP | D.C., Md., W.Va. | 1938 | 19,612 (7,940) | See Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. |
| Christiansted | HS | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | 1952 | 27 (11) | Commemorates the Virgin Islands' colonial development, especially under Danish rule in the 18th and 19th cent. |
| Clara Barton | HS | S Md. | 1974 | 9 (4) | Home and offices of the founder of the American Red Cross. |
| Colonial | HP | SE Va. | 1930 | 8,677 (3,513) | Historic Yorktown, Jamestown, and Cape Henry. Colonial Parkway connects some sites with Williamsburg. |
| Cumberland Gap | HP | Ky., Tenn., Va. | 1940 | 24,547 (9,938) | Mountain pass of the Wilderness Road. See Cumberland Gap. |
| Dayton Aviation Heritage | HP | W Ohio | 1992 | 111 (45) | Honors life and work of the Wright brothers, as well as poet Paul Laurence Dunbar. |
| Edgar Allan Poe | HS | SE Pa. | 1978 | .52 (.21) | In 1843, Poe lived here and wrote several of his most famous stories. |
| Eisenhower | HS | S Pa. | 1969 | 690 (279) | Home and farm of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | HS | S N.Y. | 1977 | 181 (73) | Her personal retreat including two restored buildings, tennis court, rose garden, and playhouse. |
| Eugene O'Neill | HS | N Calif. | 1976 | 13 (5) | Restored home of the playwright. |
| First Ladies | HS | NE Ohio | 2000 | .46 (.19) | Home of Ida Saxton McKinley; honors all U.S. first ladies. |
| First State | HP | Del., Pa. | 2013 | 1,155 (468) | Site relating to Delaware's ratification of the Constitution and to Delaware Valley history. |
| Ford's Theatre | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1970 | .30 (.12) | Site of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination and death; includes the Lincoln Museum. |
| Fort Bowie | HS | SE Ariz. | 1964 | 999 (404) | Ruins of a fort (est. 1862) that was the base of military operations against Geronimo and his followers. |
| Fort Davis | HS | W Tex. | 1961 | 523 (212) | Key post in the defensive system of W Texas, guarding (1854–91) the San Antonio–El Paso road through the Davis Mts. |
| Fort Laramie | HS | SE Wyo. | 1938 | 873 (353) | Buildings of an old fort on the Oregon Trail. |
| Fort Larned | HS | Central Kansas | 1964 | 718 (291) | Protected the Santa Fe Trail; served as a military base during the Plains War (1860s) and later as an Indian Bureau administrative center. |
| Fort Point | HS | W Calif. | 1970 | 29 (12) | Brick and granite mid-19th-century coastal fortification. |
| Fort Raleigh | HS | NE N.C. | 1941 | 513 (208) | Site of the first attempted settlement by the English in North America. See Roanoke Island. |
| Fort Scott | HS | SE Kansas | 1965 | 17 (7) | Commemorates historic events in Kansas prior to and during the Civil War. |
| Fort Smith | HS | NW Ark. | 1961 | 75 (30) | One of the first U.S. military posts in the Louisiana Purchase; maintained law and order in the Oklahoma Territory. See Fort Smith, Ark. |
| Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie | HP | SE S.C. | 1948 | 235 (95) | Scene of the engagement that opened the Civil War. See Fort Sumter; Fort Moultrie. |
| Fort Union Trading Post | HS | N.Dak., Mont. | 1966 | 440 (178) | American Fur Company trading post during the 19th cent. |
| Fort Vancouver | HS | SW Wash. | 1948 | 207 (84) | Site of a Hudson's Bay Company post (1825–49) and later of a U.S. army fort. |
| Frederick Douglass | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1962 | 9 (4) | Home of the abolitionist and writer; contains original furnishings, photographs, lithographs, and his library. |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | HS | E Mass. | 1979 | 7 (3) | Site of Olmsted's home and business containing lithographs and original furnishings. |
| Friendship Hill | HS | SW Pa. | 1978 | 675 (273) | Home of Albert Gallatin, U.S. secretary of the treasury under Presidents Jefferson and Madison. |
| George Rogers Clark | HP | SW Ind. | 1966 | 26 (11) | Memorial near the site of old Fort Sackville, seized from the British by General G. R. Clark in 1779. |
| Golden Spike | HP | N Utah | 1957 | 2,735 (1,107) | Site where the Union Pacific RR and the Central Pacific RR joined to form the first transcontinental railroad. |
| Grant-Kohrs Ranch | HS | W Mont. | 1972 | 1,618 (655) | Headquarters of one of the largest 19th-century range ranches. |
| Hampton | HS | NE Md. | 1948 | 62 (25) | Late-18th-century Georgian mansion. |
| Harpers Ferry | HP | Md., W.Va. | 1944 | 3,656 (1,480) | See Harpers Ferry. |
| Harriet Tubman | HP | W N.Y. | 2017 | 32 (13) | Home and church of Harriet Tubman. |
| Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad | HP | SE Md. | 2013 | 480 (194) | Commemorates Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. |
| Harry S. Truman | HS | W Mo. | 1983 | 13 (5) | Home of Harry S. Truman from 1919 until 1972. |
| Herbert Hoover | HS | E Iowa | 1965 | 187 (76) | Birthplace, childhood home, and burial place of President Herbert Hoover. |
| Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt | HS | SE N.Y. | 1944 | 833 (337) | Home, “Summer White House,” and burial place of Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt. See Hyde Park. |
| Honouliuli | HS | Oahu, Hawaii | 2015 | 154 (62) | Site of a World War II internment and prisoner of war camp that held Japanese and European American citizens and immigrants. |
| Hopewell Culture | HP | S Ohio | 1923 | 1,770 (716) | Prehistoric burial mounds of Hopewell people. |
| Hopewell Furnace | HS | SE Pa. | 1938 | 848 (343) | 19th-century iron-making site with reconstructed buildings and furnished cottages. |
| Hubbell Trading Post | HS | NE Ariz. | 1965 | 160 (65) | Example of a late-19th-century trading post in the Southwest. |
| Independence | HP | SE Pa. | 1948 | 45 (18) | Historic points of interest and the Liberty Bell; site of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. See Independence Hall. |
| James A. Garfield | HS | NE Ohio | 1980 | 8 (3) | Home of the 20th president and site of the first presidential memorial library. |
| Jean Lafitte | HP | SE La. | 1939 | 22,421 (9,073) | Includes New Orleans' French Quarter, the Chalmette Battlefield, and the Barataria and Acadian units. |
| Jimmy Carter | HS | SW Georgia | 1987 | 72 (29) | Buildings and exhibits associated with the 39th president's life. |
| John Fitzgerald Kennedy | HS | E Mass. | 1967 | .09 (.04) | Birthplace and early boyhood home of President John F. Kennedy. |
| John Muir | HS | W Calif. | 1964 | 344 (139) | John Muir House and Martínez Adobe, commemorating contributions of John Muir to conservation and literature. |
| Kalaupapa | HP | N Molokai Island, Hawaii | 1980 | 10,779 (4,364) | Site of former leper colony separated from the island by 2,000-ft (610-m) cliff; ruins of Hawaiian structures. |
| Kaloko-Honokohau | HP | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1978 | 1,163 (471) | Site of important pre-European settlements. |
| Keweenaw | HP | NW Mich. | 1992 | 1,870 (757) | Preserves features relevant to the first significant copper mining in the United States. |
| Klondike Gold Rush | HP | SW Alaska, NW Wa. | 1976 | 12,996 (5,262) | Sites connected with the 1898 Klondike gold rush including Seattle's Pioneer Square, the miners' point of departure. |
| Knife River Indian Villages | HS | Central N.Dak. | 1974 | 1,749 (708) | Ruins of villages of Hidasta and Mandan Native Americans. |
| Lewis and Clark | HP | NW Oreg., SW Wash. | 1958 | 3,410 (1,381) | Fort Clatsop, site of the winter encampment of the Lewis and Clark expedition, and other sites associated with it. Jointly managed with nearby state historical parks. |
| Lincoln Home | HS | Central Ill. | 1971 | 12 (5) | Only private home owned by Abraham Lincoln; he was living there when he was elected president. |
| Little Rock Central High School | HS | Central Ark. | 1998 | 28 (11) | Site commemorating the “Little Rock Nine” and the fight for desegregation in the schools. |
| Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters | HS | E Mass. | 1972 | 2 (.8) | Home of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1837–82) in Cambridge; also George Washington's headquarters during the siege of Boston (1775–76). |
| Lowell | HP | NE Mass. | 1978 | 142 (57) | Restored site of cotton mill traces the history of the Industrial Revolution. |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | HP | SE Tex. | 1969 | 1,572 (636) | Sites of the birthplace, boyhood home, and ranch of President Lyndon B. Johnson. |
| Maggie L. Walker | HS | E Central Va. | 1978 | 1 (.4) | Home of African-American bank president and early leader in the women's movement. |
| Manhattan Project | HP | Tenn., N.Mex., Wash. | 2015 | 114 (46) | Sites associated with the Manhattan Project. |
| Manzanar | HS | E Calif. | 1992 | 814 (330) | Site of World War II internment of Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller | HP | Vt. | 1992 | 643 (260) | Home of pioneer conservationist George Perkins Marsh. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | HP | N Ga. | 1980 | 39 (16) | Birthplace, church, and grave of the civil-rights leader. |
| Martin Van Buren | HS | SE N.Y. | 1974 | 285 (115) | Home of the 8th president. |
| Mary McLeod Bethune Council House | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1982 | .07 (.03) | Home and political headquarters of the educator and activist; the carriage house contains the Bethune Archives. |
| Minidoka | HS | S Idaho | 2001 | 396 (160) | Site of a World War II internment camp for Japanese Americans. See relocation center. |
| Minute Man | HP | E Mass. | 1959 | 1,028 (416) | Scene of fighting on the opening day of the Revolutionary War; includes North Bridge, Minute Man statue, Battle Road (see Lexington and Concord, battles of), and the home of Nathaniel Hawthorne. |
| Minuteman Missile | HS | SW S.D. | 1999 | 44 (18) | Cold war intercontinental ballistic missile arsenal. |
| Morristown | HP | N N.J. | 1933 | 1,711 (693) | Site of military encampments during the Revolution; Washington's headquarters, 1779–80. |
| Natchez | HP | SW Miss. | 1988 | 108 (44) | Melrose plantation and other antebellum buildings. |
| New Bedford Whaling | HP | SE Mass. | 1996 | 34 (14) | Commemorates the whaling heritage of New Bedford; includes a whaling museum. |
| New Orleans Jazz | HP | SE La. | 1994 | 5 (2) | Preserves and interprets jazz as it has evolved in New Orleans. |
| Nez Percé | HP | Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash. | 1965 | 4,565 (1,848) | 38 sites that preserve and commemorate the history and culture of the Nez Percé. |
| Nicodemus | HS | NW Kansas | 1996 | 161 (65) | Site of town established by African Americans during Reconstruction. |
| Ninety Six | HS | NW S.C. | 1976 | 1,022 (414) | A frontier trading post and Revolutionary War stronghold. |
| Ocmulgee Mounds | HP | Central Ga. | 1934 | 704 (285) | Remains of prehistoric temple mounds. |
| Palo Alto Battlefield | HP | S Tex. | 1978 | 3,442 (1,394) | Site of the first major battle of the Mexican War. |
| Paterson Great Falls | HP | NE N.J. | 2009 | 51 (21) | Industrial history sites on the Great Falls of the Passaic River. |
| Pecos | HP | N N.Mex. | 1965 | 6,693 (2,710) | 15th-century ruins of Pecos Pueblo, once the largest Native American settlement in the Southwest. |
| Pennsylvania Avenue | HS | Washington, D.C. | 1965 | 18 (7) | Portion of Pennsylvania Ave. and adjacent area between the Capitol and the White House. |
| President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home | HS | SW Ark. | 2010 | .68 (.28) | Early childhood home of President Bill Clinton. |
| Pu'uhonua o Honaunau | HP | SW Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1955 | 420 (170) | Ancient Hawaiian sanctuary and royal residence. |
| Puukohola Heiau | HS | Hawaii Island, Hawaii | 1972 | 86 (35) | Ruins of temple built (1791) by King Kamehameha the Great. |
| Reconstruction Era | HP | SE S.C. | 2017 | 16 (6) | Sites associated with emancipated African Americans and Reconstruction. |
| Sagamore Hill | HS | SE N.Y. | 1962 | 83 (34) | Estate and Victorian-style home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Saint Croix Island | IS | E Maine | 1949 | 6.5 (3) | Commemorates the French settlement on the island in the Saint Croix River. |
| Saint-Gaudens | HP | W N.H. | 1964 | 191 (77) | Memorial to sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens; his home, studios, gardens. |
| Saint Paul's Church | HS | SE N.Y. | 1943 | 6 (2) | 18th-century church associated with the events leading to the arrest of John Peter Zenger; includes Bill of Rights museum. |
| Salem Maritime | HS | NE Mass. | 1938 | 9 (4) | Wharves and buildings important during Salem's seafaring days. |
| Salt River Bay | HP | St. Croix, Virgin Islands | 1992 | 989 (400) | Fort Sale; upland watersheds, mangrove forests, estuarine and marine environments. |
| San Antonio Missions | HP | S central Tex. | 1978 | 948 (384) | Four missions situated on the San Antonio River; important examples of Spanish cultural influence. |
| Sand Creek Massacre | HS | E Colo | 2007 | 12,583 (5,094) | Site of the 1864 massacre of the Cheyenne (see Sand Creek. |
| San Francisco Maritime | HP | N Calif. | 1988 | 50 (20) | Largest collection of historic ships in the United States; exhibits on maritime history. |
| San Juan | HS | NE Puerto Rico | 1949 | 75 (30) | Oldest fortification within the limits of U.S. territory, built (16th cent.) by the Spanish to protect the harbor guarding the sea lanes to the New World. |
| Rosie the Riveter World War II Home Front | HP | W. Calif. | 2000 | 145 (59) | Shipyards and a tank factory; the civilian home front during World War II. |
| San Juan Island | HP | NW Wash. | 1966 | 2,146 (869) | Dedicated to the peaceful relationship between the United States, Britain, and Canada since the San Juan Boundary Dispute. |
| Saratoga | HP | E N.Y. | 1938 | 3,579 (1,449) | Scene of a famous battle in the American Revolution. See Saratoga campaign. |
| Saugus Iron Works | HS | E Mass. | 1968 | 9 (4) | Reconstruction of the 17th-century Colonial ironworks. |
| Sitka | HP | SE Alaska | 1910 | 116 (47) | Site of the Tlingit peoples' defeat by Russian settlers in 1804. See Sitka. |
| Springfield Armory | HS | Mass. | 1974 | 55 (22) | Large weapons museum housed in former arsenal. |
| Steamtown | HS | NE Pa. | 1986 | 62 (25) | A railyard containing America's largest collection of steam-era locomotives and railroad cars. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace | HS | SE N.Y. | 1962 | .11 (.04) | Birthplace and boyhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural | HS | W N.Y. | 1966 | 1 (.4) | Ansley Wilcox House, where Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office (1901) as president. |
| Thomas Edison | HP | NE N.J. | 1962 | 21 (9) | Buildings and equipment used by Thomas A. Edison. |
| Thomas Stone | HS | S Md. | 1978 | 328 (133) | Georgian-style home, Habre-de-Ventre, of a signatory of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Tumacacori | HP | S Ariz. | 1908 | 360 (146) | Mission founded by Father Eusebio F. Kino; rebuilt by the Franciscans. |
| Tuskegee Airmen | HS | SE Ala. | 1999 | 90 (36) | Site commemorating the African-American Tuskegee Airmen of World War II. |
| Tuskegee Institute | HS | S Ala. | 1974 | 58 (23) | First institution of higher learning for the vocational training of African Americans; founded in 1881. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | HS | E Mo. | 1989 | 10 (4) | Pre–Civil War home of Ulysses S. Grant. |
| Valley Forge | HP | SE Pa. | 1976 | 3,469 (1,404) | Soldiers' huts and preserved buildings re-create the 1777–78 Continental Army encampment. |
| Vanderbilt Mansion | HS | E N.Y. | 1940 | 212 (86) | 19th-century palatial Victorian residence of a grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt. |
| War in the Pacific | HP | Central Guam | 1978 | 2,031 (822) | Artifacts of World War II in the Pacific theater. |
| Washita Battlefield | HS | Okla. | 1848 | 315 (128) | Site of a Southern Cheyenne village attacked by General Custer on Nov. 27, 1868. |
| Weir Farm | HS | Conn. | 1990 | 74 (30) | Home and studio of the American impressionist painter J. Alden Weir. |
| Whitman Mission | HS | SW Wash. | 1936 | 139 (56) | Site of the mission of Dr. Marcus Whitman. |
| William Howard Taft | HS | SW Ohio | 1969 | 4 (2) | Birthplace and early home of President William Howard Taft. |
| Women's Rights | HP | W N.Y. | 1980 | 7 (3) | Includes Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, site of first women's rights convention (1848), and the home of Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
National Memorials
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas Post | MM | SE Ark. | 1960 | 758 (307) | Site of the first permanent French settlement in the lower Mississippi valley. See Arkansas Post. |
| Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial | MM | NE Va. | 1925 | 28 (11) | Former home of the Custis and Lee families; memorial to Robert E. Lee. |
| Chamizal | MM | W Tex. | 1966 | 55 (22) | Memorializes the peaceful settlement of the 99-year border dispute between the United States and Mexico. |
| Coronado | MM | SE Ariz. | 1952 | 4,830 (1,955) | Area near Francisco Vásquez de Coronado's point of entry (1540) into the United States. |
| De Soto | MM | W Fla. | 1948 | 30 (12) | Commemorates the landing (1539) of Hernando De Soto in Florida and his exploration of the S United States. |
| Federal Hall | MM | SE N.Y. | 1939 | .45 (.18) | Site of the first seat of the federal government and George Washington's inauguration (1789). |
| Flight 93 | MM | SW Pa. | 2002 | 2,319 (939) | See Flight 93 National Memorial. |
| Fort Caroline | MM | NE Fla. | 1950 | 138 (56) | Area overlooking the site of Fort Caroline. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1997 | 8 (3) | Monument to Roosevelt on the Mall in the nation's capital. |
| General Grant | MM | SE N.Y. | 1958 | .76 (.31) | Tomb of President Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia. |
| Hamilton Grange | MM | SE N.Y. | 1962 | 1.75 (.71) | Home of Alexander Hamilton. |
| Johnstown Flood | MM | SE Pa. | 1964 | 178 (72) | Memorializes the Johnstown flood of 1889. See Johnstown, Pa. |
| Korean War Veterans Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1986 | 2 (.8) | Grouping of 19 infantry soldiers standing before a polished granite wall. |
| Lincoln Boyhood | MM | SW Ind. | 1962 | 200 (81) | Site of the farm where Abraham Lincoln was raised and the burial place of his mother, Mary Hanks Lincoln. |
| Lincoln Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1911 | 7 (3) | See Lincoln Memorial. |
| Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac | MM | NE Va. | 1973 | 17 (7) | Grove of 500 white pines overlooking Potomac River vista of the capital. |
| Martin Luther King, Jr. | MM | Washington, D.C. | 2011 | 3 (1) | Statue and museum dedicated to the life and work of the civil-rights leader. |
| Mount Rushmore | MM | SW S.Dak. | 1925 | 1,278 (517) | Carvings of Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt on the granite face of Mt. Rushmore. |
| Pearl Harbor | MM | Oahu Island, Hawaii | 2019 | 21 (9) | Commemorates the Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor; includes the USS Arizona Memorial. |
| Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial | MM | N Ohio | 1936 | 25 (10) | Scene of the victory near Put-in Bay of Oliver H. Perry in the War of 1812. |
| Port Chicago Naval Magazine | MM | Central Calif. | 1992 | 5 (2) | Site of a massive munitions explosion in 1944; World War II's worst home front disaster. |
| Roger Williams | MM | E R.I. | 1965 | 5 (2) | Memorial to Roger Williams, the founder of the Rhode Island colony and a pioneer of religious freedom. |
| Thaddeus Kosciuszko | MM | SE Pa. | 1972 | .02 (.01) | Commemorates the life and work of Thaddeus Kosciusko. |
| Thomas Jefferson | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1934 | 18 (7) | See Thomas Jefferson Memorial. |
| Vietnam Veterans Memorial | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1980 | 2 (.8) | See Vietnam Veterans Memorial. |
| Washington Monument | MM | Washington, D.C. | 1848 | 106 (43) | 555-ft (169-m) high obelisk honoring Washington. |
| World War II | MM | Washington, D.C. | 2004 | 7 (3) | Honors members of the armed forces and civilians who supported them during World War II. |
| Wright Brothers | MM | NE N.C. | 1927 | 428 (173) | Scene of the first (1903) successful flight of the Wright brothers. |
National Battlefields, Battlefield Parks, Battlefield Sites, and Military Parks
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antietam | BF | Central Md. | 1890 | 3,231 (1,308) | See Antietam campaign. Antietam (Sharpsburg) National Cemetery adjoins the park. |
| Big Hole | BF | SW Mont. | 1910 | 976 (395) | Scene of 1877 battle between U.S. troops and Nez Percé led by Chief Joseph. |
| Brices Cross Roads | BS | NE Miss. | 1929 | 1 (.4) | Site of a rout of Union troops by Confederate cavalry under General N. B. Forrest (June 10, 1864). |
| Chickamauga and Chattanooga | MP | Ga., Tenn. | 1890 | 9,523 (3,855) | Civil War battle sites; first national military park. |
| Cowpens | BF | NW S.C. | 1929 | 842 (341) | Site of an American militia victory over British infantry and cavalry forces in the Revolutionary battle of Cowpens (Jan. 17, 1781). |
| Fort Donelson | BF | NW Tenn. | 1928 | 1,319 (534) | Site of first Union Army victory; Civil War cemetery. |
| Fort Necessity | BF | SW Pa. | 1931 | 903 (366) | George Washington's troops defeated here in 1754. |
| Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania | MP | NE Va. | 1927 | 8,405 (3,403) | Contains portions of four major Civil War battlefields (see Fredericksburg, battle of) and a national cemetery. |
| Gettysburg | MP | S Pa. | 1895 | 6,032 (2,442) | Civil War battlefield and cemetery; site of President Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. See Gettysburg, Pa. |
| Guilford Courthouse | MP | N N.C. | 1917 | 253 (102) | See Guilford Courthouse, battle of. |
| Horseshoe Bend | MP | E Ala. | 1956 | 2,040 (826) | See Horseshoe Bend. |
| Kennesaw Mountain | BP | NW Ga. | 1917 | 2,965 (1,200) | Site of Sherman's attack on Confederate forces in the Atlanta campaign. |
| Kings Mountain | MP | N S.C. | 1931 | 3,945 (1,597) | Site of a crucial American victory (Oct. 7, 1780) over the British during the Revolution. |
| Manassas | BP | NE Va. | 1940 | 5,073 (2,054) | See Bull Run. |
| Monocacy | BF | W Md. | 1976 | 1,627 (659) | Site commemorates the first successful defense of Washington, D.C., during the Civil War. |
| Moores Creek | BF | SE N.C. | 1926 | 88 (36) | Site of a battle between Patriots and Loyalists. |
| Pea Ridge | MP | NW Ark. | 1956 | 4,300 (1,741) | Site of the Civil War battle of Pea Ridge, which saved Missouri for the Union. |
| Petersburg | BF | SE Va. | 1926 | 9,638 (3,902) | Scene of the Battle of the Crater and a 10-month Union campaign (1864–65) to seize Petersburg, Va. |
| Richmond | BP | E Va. | 1936 | 8,171 (3,308) | Commemorates Civil War battles of Cold Harbor, Drewry's Bluff, Gaines Mill, Malvern Hill, and Beaver Dam Creek. |
| River Raisin | BP | SE Mich. | 2010 | 42 (17) | Site of the Battle of Frenchtown during the War of 1812. |
| Shiloh | MP | SW Tenn. | 1894 | 7,932 (3,211) | Site of the Civil War battle of Shiloh. Shiloh National Cemetery is there. |
| Stones River | BF | Central Tenn. | 1927 | 709 (287) | See Murfreesboro, Tenn. Site of Stones River National Cemetery. |
| Tupelo | BF | NE Miss. | 1929 | 1 (.4) | See Tupelo, Miss. |
| Vicksburg | MP | W Miss. | 1899 | 1,815 (735) | Site of the Vicksburg campaign of the Civil War and Vicksburg National Cemetery. |
| Wilson's Creek | BF | SW Mo. | 1960 | 2,408 (975) | Site of first major Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi. |
National Preserves and Reserves
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bering Land Bridge | PS | NW Alaska | 1978 | 2,697,391 (1,092,061) | Remnant of land bridge that connected Alaska with Asia. |
| Big Cypress | PA | S Fla. | 1974 | 720,564 (291,726) | Subtropical plant and animal life; ancestral home of Seminole and Miccosukee peoples. |
| Big Thicket | PS | SE Tex. | 1974 | 113,122 (45,798) | Large number of plant and animal species in a convergence of ecosystems. |
| City of Rocks | NR | Idaho | 1988 | 14,407 (5,833) | Granite spires, sculptured rock formations. |
| Ebey's Landing | NR | Whidbey Island, Wash. | 1978 | 19,334 (7,828) | Records exploration and settlement of Puget Sound. |
| Little River Canyon | PS | NE Ala. | 1992 | 15,289 (6,190) | Rock expanses, benches, and bluffs; kayaking and rock climbing. |
| Mojave | PS | S Calif. | 1994 | 1,545,684 (625,783) | Dunes, cinder cones, historic mining scenes; protects fragile habitat of the desert tortoise. |
| Noatak | PS | NW Alaska | 1978 | 6,587,071 (2,666,830) | Mountain-ringed river basin. |
| Tallgrass Prairie | PS | E Kans. | 1996 | 10,883 (4,406) | Surviving remnant of the tallgrass ecosystem. |
| Timucan Ecological and Historic Preserve | PS | NE Fla. | 1988 | 46,263 (18,730) | Atlantic coastal marshes, islands, tidal creeks. |
| Valles Caldera | PS | NW N. Mex. | 2014 | 89,766 (36,343) | 12–15 mi-wide (19–24 km) caldera formed by eruptions c. 1.6 and 1.2 million years ago; mountain meadows, abundant wildlife. |
| Yukon-Charley Rivers | PS | E central Alaska | 1978 | 2,526,512 (1,022,879) | Peregrine falcons, 1898 Gold Rush relics. |
National Recreation Areas
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amistad | RA | S Tex. | 1965 | 58,500 (23,693) | U.S. part of Amistad Reservoir, on the Rio Grande. |
| Bighorn Canyon | RA | Mont., Wyo. | 1966 | 120,296 (48,702) | Yellowtail Dam and spectacular Bighorn Canyon, on the Bighorn River. |
| Boston Harbor Islands | RA | E Mass. | 1996 | 1,482 (600) | More than 30 islands off the Greater Boston coast. |
| Chattahoochie River | RA | Georgia | 1978 | 11,254 (4,556) | Series of historic and recreational sites along the Chattahoochie River. |
| Chickasaw | RA | S Okla. | 1976 | 9,899 (4,008) | Mineral springs, streams, and lakes. Name honors Chickasaw Nation; combination of former Platt National Park and Arbuckle National Recreation Area. |
| Curecanti | RA | E Colo. | 1965 | 43,591 (17,648) | Blue Mesa, Morrow Point, and Crystal reservoirs in the upper Black Canyon of the Gunnison. |
| Delaware Water Gap | RA | N.J., Pa. | 1965 | 68,664 (27,799) | Scenic Delaware Water Gap. |
| Gateway | RA | N.Y., N.J. | 1972 | 26,607 (10,772) | Beaches, marshes, islands, and waters in and around New York City. One of the first two national urban recreation areas. |
| Gauley River | RA | W Va. | 1988 | 11,566 (4,683) | Passes through scenic valleys and gorges; whitewater boating. |
| Glen Canyon | RA | Ariz., Utah | 1958 | 1,254,117 (507,740) | Lake Powell, formed by the Glen Canyon Dam. |
| Golden Gate | RA | W Calif. | 1972 | 82,027 (33,209) | Beaches, forests, marshes, San Francisco's Presidio, and Alcatraz Island. One of the first urban national recreation areas. |
| Lake Chelan | RA | N Wash. | 1968 | 61,946 (25,079) | Located in the Stehekin Valley and in the northern part of fjordlike Lake Chelan. |
| Lake Mead | RA | Ariz., Nev. | 1936 | 1,495,816 (605,594) | Lake Mead, formed by Hoover Dam, and Lake Mohave, formed by Davis Dam; the first national recreation area established by Congress. |
| Lake Meredith | RA | NW Tex. | 1965 | 44,978 (18,210) | Includes Lake Meredith, on the Canadian River, a popular water-sports area. |
| Lake Roosevelt | RA | NE Wash. | 1946 | 100,390 (40,644) | Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, formed by the Grand Coulee Dam in the Columbia River; interesting geology. |
| Ross Lake | RA | N Wash. | 1968 | 117,575 (47,601) | Extends along the Skagit River canyon; bisects North Cascades National Park. |
| Santa Monica Mountains | RA | SW Calif. | 1978 | 156,618 (63,408) | Rugged, chaparral-covered landscape fronting on sandy beaches. |
| Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity | RA | N Calif. | 1965 | 246,087 (99,630) | Reservoirs, forestland, and Whiskeytown Falls. |
National Rivers
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alagnak | WS | SW Alaska | 1980 | 30,665 (12,415) | White water and salmon fishing. |
| Big South Fork | RR | Ky., Tenn. | 1976 | 123,694 (50,079) | Scenic gorges and valleys. |
| Bluestone | WS | SW W.Va. | 1988 | 4,310 (1,745) | Fishing, hiking, boating, and scenery. |
| Buffalo | RI | NW Ark. | 1972 | 94,293 (38,175) | 136-mi (219-km) stretch of the Buffalo River and its valley; the first national river. |
| Great Egg Harbor | WS | SW N.J. | 1992 | 43,311 (17,535) | Largest canoeing river in the Pine Barrens. |
| Lower Delaware | WS | Pa., N.J. | 2000 | … | 67-mi (108-km) stretch of the Delaware River. |
| Lower St. Croix | WS | E Minn., NW Wis. | 1972 | 25,276 (10,233) | Includes the Namekagon River; scenic, largely undeveloped rivers. First unit of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Program. |
| Middle Delaware | WS | Pa., N.J. | … | A 40-mi (64-km) stretch of the Delaware River in the Delaware Water Gap. | |
| Mississippi | RR | SE Minn. | 1988 | 53,775 (21,771) | Cultural, historical, and industrial features of the Mississippi River. |
| Missouri | WS | S.Dak., Neb. | 1978 | 48,457 (19,618) | Two free-flowing portions of Missouri River with islands, bars, and chutes; native floodplain forest. |
| New River Gorge | RI | W Va. | 1978 | 72,186 (29,225) | Rugged whitewater river flows through deep canyons. |
| Niobrara | WS | N Nebr. | 1991 | 29,101 (11,782) | Ecological crossroads between eastern woodlands and western grasslands. |
| Obed | WS | E Tenn. | 1976 | 5,490 (2,223) | Numerous streams and rugged scenery. |
| Ozark | WS | SE Mo. | 1964 | 80,785 (32,706) | Scenic parts of the Current and Jacks Fork rivers; the first national scenic river. |
| Rio Grande | WS | S Tex. | 1978 | 13,123 (5,313) | U.S. shore of the Rio Grande in the Chihuahuan Desert. |
| Saint Croix | WS | Minn., Wis. | 1968 | 67,467 (27,315) | 200 mi (322 km) of the St. Croix River and its Namekagon tributary; trails, camping, boating. |
| Upper Delaware | WS | Pa., N.Y. | 1978 | 75,000 (30,364) | Fishing and boating. |
National Lakeshores and Seashores
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apostle Islands | LS | NW Wis. | 1970 | 69,377 (28,078) | Apostle Islands and a strip of the Bayfield Peninsula, on the south shore of Lake Superior. |
| Assateague Island | SS | Md., Va. | 1965 | 41,347 (16,740) | 37-mi (60-km) barrier island; beaches; wildlife refuge including wild ponies. |
| Canaveral | SS | E Fla. | 1975 | 57,662 (23,345) | Barrier island dunes and marshland that includes a wildlife refuge. |
| Cape Cod | SS | SE Mass. | 1961 | 43,608 (17,655) | See Cape Cod. |
| Cape Hatteras | SS | E N.C. | 1937 | 30,351 (12,288) | The first national seashore. See under Hatteras, Cape. |
| Cape Lookout | SS | E N.C. | 1966 | 28,243 (11,434) | Three barrier islands with beaches, sand dunes, and salt marshes; Cape Lookout Lighthouse. |
| Cumberland Island | SS | SE Ga. | 1972 | 36,347 (14,715) | Largest island off Georgia; beaches, sand dunes, marshes, and lakes. |
| Fire Island | SS | SE N.Y. | 1964 | 19,581 (7,928) | Covers section of Fire Island. |
| Gulf Islands | SS | Fla., Miss. | 1971 | 138,306 (55,994) | Historic forts and white sand beaches near Pensacola, Fla.; Fort Massachusetts and primitive offshore islands in S Miss. |
| Padre Island | SS | S Tex. | 1962 | 130,434 (52,807) | See Padre Island, Tex. |
| Pictured Rocks | LS | N Mich. | 1966 | 73,236 (29,650) | Sandstone cliffs, marshes, dunes, and waterfalls along Lake Superior; the first national lakeshore. |
| Point Reyes | SS | W Calif. | 1962 | 71,053 (28,766) | Coastal area with beaches and steep bluffs. |
| Sleeping Bear Dunes | LS | W central Mich. | 1970 | 71,251 (28,847) | Section of the Lake Michigan shoreline and the North and South Manitoulin islands; beaches, sand dunes, forests. |
Other Areas
| Name | Type1 | Location | Year authorized | Size acres (hectares) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appalachian | ST | Maine, N.H., Vt., Mass., Conn., N.Y., N.J., Pa., Md., W.Va., Va., Tenn., N.C., Ga. | 1968 | 239,605 (97,006) | See Appalachian Trail. |
| Blue Ridge | PW | Va., N.C. | 1936 | 98,911 (40,045) | Scenic route in the Blue Ridge Mts. between Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mts. national parks; many roadside parks, lookouts, and trails; the first national parkway. |
| California | HT | Missouri River to Calif. and Oreg. | 1992 | … | Former migration route extending 5,600 mi (9,010 km) from the Missouri River to California and Oregon. |
| Catoctin Mountain Park | PO | NW Md. | 1936 | 5,891 (2,385) | Campgrounds, trails, and scenic drive located in the Catoctin Mts.; Camp David, the presidential retreat, is there. |
| Constitution Gardens | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1978 | 52 (21) | Memorial to the signers of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Continental Divide | ST | Mont., Idaho, Wyo., Colo., N.Mex. | 1978 | … | Runs the length of much of the Rocky Mountains; 3,100 mi (4,988 km) long. |
| Florida | ST | S Fla. | 1983 | … | Subtropical plant and animal life along 1,300-mi (2,092-km) trail. |
| Fort Washington Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1930 | 341 (138) | 19th-century fort. |
| George Washington Memorial Parkway | PW | Va., D.C., Md. | 1930 | 7,037 (2,849) | Parkway connecting landmarks associated with the life of George Washington along both sides of the Potomac River from Mt. Vernon to Great Falls. |
| Greenbelt Park | PO | W central Md. | 1950 | 1,175 (476) | Woodland park. |
| Ice Age | ST | S Wis. | 1980 | … | 1,200-mi (1,900-km) trail follows glacial moraines. |
| Iditarod | HT | Alaska | 1978 | … | Former Alaska Gold Rush trail extending 2,350 mi (3,781 km) from Seward to Nome. |
| John D. Rockefeller, Jr. | PW | NW Wyo. | 1972 | 23,777 (9,626) | Scenic corridor between Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks commemorating Rockefeller's role in the creation of many national parks. |
| Juan Bautista de Anza | HT | W Calif. | 1990 | … | 1,200-mi (1,931-km) trail traces the path of Spanish colonists. |
| Lewis and Clark | HT | Mo., Neb., S.Dak., N.Dak., Mont., Idaho, Oreg. | 1978 | … | 4,900-mi (7,890-km) trail commemorates the Lewis and Clark expedition. |
| Mormon Pioneer | HT | Ill., Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah | 1978 | … | Historic trail follows the 1,300-mi (2,090-km) route taken by Brigham Young and his followers in 1847–48. |
| President's Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1943 | 82 (33) | Includes the White House, Lafayette Square, the Ellipse, and the White House Visitor Center. |
| Natchez Trace | ST | Miss., Ala., Tenn. | 1983 | 10,995 (4,451) | Sections of the original Natchez Trace. |
| Natchez Trace | PW | Miss., Ala., Tenn. | 1938 | 52,302 (21,175) | Parkway following the general location of the old trail known as the Natchez Trace. |
| National Mall | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1933 | 156 (63) | Landscaped park, part of the L'Enfant Plan for Washington, D.C. |
| Nez Percé | HT | Oregon, Idaho, Mont., Wyo. | 1986 | … | 1,170-mi (1,883-km) trail commemorates the retreat of the Nez Percé under Chief Joseph in 1877. |
| North Country | ST | N.Y. to N.Dak. | 1980 | … | Extends some 4,500 mi (7,250 km), connecting seven northern tier states. |
| Oregon | HT | Mo. to Oreg. | 1978 | … | Traces the c.2,000-mi (3,200-km) route of pioneers in 1841–60. |
| Overmountain Victory | HT | Tenn., Va., N.C., S.C. | 1980 | … | Follows the 330-mi (530-km) path of revolutionary Patriots. |
| Pacific Crest | ST | Calif., Oreg., Wash. | 1968 | … | Follows the Sierra and Cascade peaks 2,650 mi (4,265 km) from Mexico to Canada; one of the first two components of the National Trails System. |
| Piscataway Park | PO | S Md. | 1961 | 4,616 (1,869) | Preserves the view from Mt. Vernon of the opposite shore of the Potomac River. |
| Pony Express | HT | Mo., Kans., Colo., Utah, Nev., Calif. | 1992 | … | Follows the 1,966-mi (3,163-km) route of the pony express riders in 1860–61. |
| Potomac Heritage | ST | Va., D.C., Md., Pa. | 1983 | … | 704-mi (1,133-km) trail connects the tidewater regions to the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania. |
| Prince William Forest Park | PO | NE Va. | 1936 | 16,081 (6,511) | Pine and hardwood forests of the Quantico Creek watershed. |
| Rock Creek Park | PO | Washington, D.C. | 1890 | 1,755 (711) | Wooded preserve, one of the largest urban parks in the nation. |
| Santa Fe | HT | Mo., Kans., Okla., Col., N.Mex. | 1987 | … | Traces the 1,203-mi (1,936-km) route of famous Santa Fe Trail. |
| Theodore Roosevelt Island | PO | Washington, D.C., Va. | 1932 | 89 (36) | Wilderness preserve in the Potomac River; a tribute to the “conservationist president.” |
| Trail of Tears | HT | N.C., Tenn., Ga., Ala., Ark., Okla. | 1987 | … | 2,200-mi (3,540-km) trail commemorates the routes of forced migration of more than 15,000 Cherokee from their ancestral homes. |
| Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts | PO | N Va. | 1966 | 130 (53) | Set in a rolling, wooded landscaped area to provide artistic enjoyment and recreation; first national park for the performing arts. |
| BF | Battlefield |
| BP | Battlefield Park |
| BS | Battlefield Site |
| HP | Historical Park |
| HS | Historic Site |
| HT | Historic Trail |
| IS | International Historic Site |
| LS | Lakeshore |
| MM | Memorial |
| MO | Monument |
| MP | Military Park |
| MR | Monument and Preserve |
| NR | Reserve |
| NP | Park |
| PA | Preserve and Addition |
| PE | Park and Expansion |
| PO | Park, other |
| PP | Park and Preserve |
| PS | Preserve |
| PW | Parkway |
| RA | Recreation Area |
| RI | River |
| RR | River and Recreation Area |
| SS | Seashore |
| ST | Scenic Trail |
| WS | Wild, Scenic, or Recreational River or Riverway |
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