baritone

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baritone

baritone or barytone (both: bărˈĭtōn), male voice, in a lighter and higher range than a bass but lower than a tenor. The term also designates a bass stringed instrument, fretted, with six or seven bowed strings, and up to 20 sympathetic (i.e., unplayed but freely vibrating) strings. Haydn wrote many works for this instrument.
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The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Baritone

 

(1) Male voice intermediate between the bass and tenor. The lyric baritone (close in sonority to the dramatic tenor) is distinguished from the dramatic baritone, which is more forceful and stronger (in the lower register it approaches the bass). The range of the baritone goes from the note A of the great octave to the A of the first octave.

(2) A bass string bow instrument similar to the viola bastarda. In addition to the six to seven strings to be played with the bow, this instrument had from seven to 20 or more resonating strings to intensify its sonority. The resonating strings were also played with a pick using the thumb of the left hand. The baritone was widespread in the 18th century, especially in Germany and Austria.

(3) A brass musical instrument reaching an octave below the trumpet and used in brass bands.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

baritone

1. the second lowest adult male voice, having a range approximately from G an eleventh below middle C to F a fourth above it
2. a singer with such a voice
3. the second lowest instrument in the families of the saxophone, horn, oboe, etc.
Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition © HarperCollins Publishers 2005
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