Although some studies reported higher levels of anxiety among females than males (27, 28), we observed no significant gender difference in the state or
trait anxiety levels, consistent with other studies (1, 13).
These students' high levels of stress and anxiety may have been due to their high levels of
trait anxiety when they started clinical practices.
Trait anxiety was significantly higher in the participants with greater [AUC.sub.TG] (P = .008).
Trait anxiety inventory: State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) is developed by Spielberger, Gorsuch ve Lushene in 1970 and it consists of 2 subscales and 20 statements which measures the trait and anxiety level.
Independent from groups, the Pearson correlation analysis showed no association between propofol requirement and the state anxiety scores,
trait anxiety scores, and Beck anxiety scores (Figure 1).
Although participants' general stress (both state and
trait anxiety) did not differ across trimesters, pregnancy-specific stress, involving concerns for childbirth and the baby, body image/weight, and relationships and emotions, was higher in participants' in early pregnancy than in late pregnancy.
The purpose of our study was to assess the impact of a MBSR intervention on several psychological variables (mindfulness; self-esteem; perceived stress; state and
trait anxiety) and other clinical variables (somatisation, obsession-compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, global severity index) in a sample of adolescents with various mental disorders.
A higher level of postpartum anxiety was present in women who had a higher level of
trait anxiety, state anxiety, pregnancy specific anxiety, higher levels of stress, lower levels of problem-focused coping and higher levels of avoidance coping.
Table 1 below displays the results of state and
trait anxiety questionnaire scores for AP group with management technique and control group without management technique from day 1 to day 10.
Results: The mean scores and standard deviations of all students from the state and
trait anxiety scales were respectively 41.95+-5.06, 48.15+-5.44.
Table 1 displays descriptive statistics of demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, drinking habits, and tobacco use) as well as pain-related and psychological variables (i.e., pain duration, pain days per month, average pain intensity in past 3 months, pain diagnosis, pain catastrophizing level, pain disability, depression, and
trait anxiety) for the sample.
Patients with epilepsy scored higher on personality traits of
trait anxiety and aggression whereas scored lower on achievement than the control group.
A pretest-posttest design was adopted in which State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to measure the levels of State Anxiety and
Trait Anxiety before and after coloring a pre-drawn mandala.
Pain intensity with Visual Analog Scale, pressure pain threshold with digital algometer QTech Medical Industries, ZEVEX Company), level of anxiety with Spielberger State
Trait Anxiety Inventory, and quality of life with Short Form-36 were evaluated before and after the treatment.
