The duration of the clipped /i:/ vowel (i.e., checked by a
voiceless consonant) is comparable to that of 111 followed by a voiced consonant, which is consistent with native speaker practice.
This use may have been reinforced by the presumably Middle Indic principle that single t was voiceless in clusters with a
voiceless consonant. /tt/ is also a consonant cluster.
Thus, it seems that when the syllable ends with a
voiceless consonant cluster, the vowel duration does not shorten significantly.
The ability to detect the longer vowel duration to cue the presence of a voiced or
voiceless consonant may be compromised.
When a following
voiceless consonant is short, the rise of the pitch may be more prominent than its fall, but when it is long, the fall of the pitch may be more prominent than its rise.
(3) The distinction between primary and secondary vowels is important because the latter segments show various distributional regularities, e.g., short secondary vowels are followed by a plain
voiceless consonant (e.g., [p]) but long secondary vowels by a voiced consonant (e.g., [b]) (Huber 2002: 21).
Old English hebban, however, is preserved with the reversed distribution of alternants: the
voiceless consonant generalised in the preterite and the voiced one in the present system, consequently without a trace of the original alternation: hebban : hof : hofon : hafen, hoefen.
When [r] is preceded by a
voiceless consonant, a partially or totally devoiced [r] is employed.
Like in Estonian, Votic and Karelian, gradation of the stops following a
voiceless consonant is known in Ingrian, too.
Voicing after nasals: nteejk 'my house' wiintu'uk 'one-eyed' Voicing after glides: chowpech 'expensive' puuypyaajk 'femur' je'eykyeexp 's/he sent' Voicing intervocalically: aka'any 'it started' teepe 'the one who' No voicing after maank 'son' nasals finally: No voicing after naajkemech 'we descend' aspiration: No voicing after jyuuka'te 'they lived' glottalization: No voicing with kachypyaajk 'rib' palatalization after
voiceless consonant: There is no voicing of intervocalic clusters containing stops and fricatives and geminates.