Minoress

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Franciscan Nuns

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(27) For the ease of the reader, quotations from the English Minoress's Order are taken from a later transcription of the text.

Staging the convent as resistance in The Jew of Malta and Measure for Measure

The earlier provenance of the manuscript is indicated through the inscription on folio 190: "Note that Dame Agnes Porter gave this book to Dame Anne Frenell, minoress of Aldgate (London) to bequeath it after her death, with the permission of her sovereign, to whomever she will." (20) Thus, the provenance is clearly spelled out for us, although there is no guarantee that the manuscript originated at Aldgate.

Or is this a service that would happen later in the process of becoming a minoress? I have not been able to find any study of the ritual in specifically Franciscan sources, so I have no point of comparison for this liturgy.

If Cranston 2322 were indeed a book of hours, what purpose would it serve in the life of a minoress or any monastic?

Clares in procession: the processional and hours of the Franciscan minoresses at Aldgate

The convents she follows are the Bridgettine convent at Syon, three Franciscan convents of Minoresses in Cambridgeshire and London, and the Dominican Priory at Dartford.

Makowski, Elizabeth, English Nuns and the Law in the Middle Ages: Cloistered Nuns and their Lawyers, 1293-1540

Tadlowe originally leased the White Horse from the Minoresses without Aldgate, who had owned it since 1321, but in 1539 Henry VIII seized all of the abbey's property and sold the St Mary Woolnoth block, including the White Horse, to Martin Bowes, future lord mayor and resident of the parish.

(67) For the 1532 rent accounts of the Minoresses without Aldgate, see below.

The rise of commercial playing in 1540s London

Harley 2397 (Hilton, Mixed life, Bonum est, and Scale II [but not Book I]) contains an inscription recording the gift of the manuscript to the Minoresses of London at Aldgate by their abbess, on the condition that they pray for the souls of her family: "Dame Elyzabeth Horwode, abbas of the Menoresse off London, to her gostle comfforthe, bowght thyse boke, hyt to remayne to the vse off the sisterrs of the sayde place, to pray for the yene [gain] and ffor the sowles of hyr ffader and her moder, Thomas Horwode and Beatryxe, and the sowle off Mayster Robert Alderton" (Bell 1995: 149).

(22.) For more information about Elizabeth Horwode and the reading circles associated with the minoresses at Aldgate, see Boffey (1996).

The "gender gap" reconsidered: manuscripts and readers in late-medieval England (1)

Papal bulls issued in 1250 and 1257 warned local clergy to give no credence to the false claims of certain "minoresses" making demands upon the Friars Minor.(21) While some of these women may have been religious dilettantes living outside a stable community (circumeundo varias regiones), it seems probable that some minoresses were actually women seeking legitimate incorporation into the Franciscan order with the aid of local clergy.

They were considered Minoresses rather than Clarisses, even though the Friars Minor would provide them with the same pastoral care as detailed in the Urbanist Rule.

Audacious Nuns: Institutionalizing the Franciscan Order of Saint Clare

It is true that there is 'little known evidence for female scribal activity in late medieval England', but Veronica O'Mara has found at least one late fifteenth- or early sixteenth-century manuscript, most of which seems to have been written by a woman religious, probably a Syon sister.(7) There is also reason to think that some of Cambridge University Library MS Hh.1.11 was written by nuns, possibly the Minoresses of Bruisyard.(8)

Books for nuns: Cambridge University Library MS additional 3042

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Mi´nor`ess