Gangion

In that study, hook timers, devices that measure the total time a fish spends hooked on a line, were attached to a portion of the gangion. The results of that study led the NMFS to mandate the use of these weak hooks in the GOM PLL fishery, and this regulation went into effect in 2011 (Federal Register, 2011).

Hook depth was verified by a depth logger that was affixed to each gangion (CEFAS Tech.

These nerves known as cranial and caudal branches of subclavian ansa were originated from cranioventral and ventral sides of cervicothoracic gangion, respectively.

Zurakowski, "Effects of anti-glaucoma medications on gangion cell survival: the DBA/2J mouse model," Vision Research, vol.

One of the biggest culprits is long-lining, in which a single boat sets monofilament line across 60 or more miles of ocean, each bearing vertical gangion lines that dangle at different depths, baited with up to 10,000 hooks designed to catch a variety of pelagic (open ocean) species.

The bite-off rates were calculated for each fishing set as the number of missing hooks owing to a cut in the gangion line, per 1000 hooks, within each leader type.

To design DSBG, validate target-species (swordfish) depth and concurrently tailor gangion depth, Wildlife Computers (Redmond, Wash.

CPUE calculations do not include or adjust for hook type and size, type of bait used, distance between hooks, gangion length and material (monofilament, steel), or the specific sharks targeted (SC or LC, sandbar or blackfip).

The three methods--careful shaking, hook straightening, and gangion cutting--all improve halibut survival compared with the traditional practice of "homing" or "crucifying" the fish (essentially, ripping the hook from the mouth of the fish).

Hoey (1983b) believed that most "lost hooks" or "bite offs" (a gangion that is retrieved without the hook, the monofilament having been broken or cut in some way) were a result of sharks taking the bait, and all such incidences were recorded in his data as "unidentified sharks." Because it seems reasonable to assume that larger and stronger sharks would stand a greater chance of severing the monofilament gangion, the observed catch data could be biased in favor of smaller sharks.

In most cases, the animal is released after the gangion line is either cut or broken; however the animal either trails or is entangled in a significant amount of monofilament line upon release.

Following each soak period, the longline was checked and all gangions that had caught sharks, been broken or damaged, or had damaged or lost baits, were removed from the mainline and a fresh-baited gangion attached.