Antibiotiklarga sezuvchanlik testi

Antibiotiklarga sezuvchanlik testi – bakteriyalarning antibiotikka sezuvchanlik darajasini aniqlaydi. Bu bakteriyalardagi antibiotikka chidamlilikni aniqlash va toʻgʻri antibiotik dori vositalari tanlashda qoʻllaniladi^[1]. Sezuvchanlik testi laboratoriyalarda oʻtkaziladi. Koʻpincha antibiotikning bakteriyaga taʼsirini koʻrsatadigan boʻyash usuli yoki bakteriyalardagi genlarni tekshirish uchun genetik usullardan foydalaniladi. Antibiotiklarga sezuvchanlik testi beta-laktam penitsilin antibiotigining kashf etilishi bilan koʻproq zarur boʻla boshladi. Dastlabki usullardan suyultirish, ekma ekish, fenotipik tekshirish usullari mavjud boʻlgan.

Foydalanishi

Klinik tibbiyotda antibiotiklar bemorda bakterial kasallik mavjudligiga qarab, tibbiy koʻrsatmalar asosida buyuriladi. Antibiotik tanlashda shifokor tomonidan qoʻllaniladigan empirik terapiya qaysi bakteriya infeksiyani keltirib chiqarishi va qaysi antibiotik taʼsirida nobud boʻlishiga asoslangan^[2]. Masalan, siydik yoʻli infeksiyasini keltirib chiqaradigan Escherichia coli bakteriyasi trimetropin hamda sulfametoksazol antibiotiklariga chidamsiz va tez nobud boʻladi^[3]. Baʼzi bakteriyalar bir nechta sinf antibiotiklariga chidamli boʻlishi va oʻziga xos qarshilik koʻrsatishi mumkin^[4]. Shuning uchun antibiotiklarga sezgirlik testi orqali qaysi antibiotik aynan mos kelishi va infeksiyani bartaraf qilishi aniqlanadi. Baʼzi mamlakatlarda aholi orasida antibiotiklarga sezgirlik testi skrining shaklida aniqlanadi. Bu orqali infeksion kasalliklarning tarqalishi oldi olinadi^[5].

Usullari

Mikrobakterial kultura usuli eng keng tarqalgan usullardan boʻlib, bakteria turi aniqlangach unga mos antibiotik tanlanadi^[6]. Sezuvchanlikni aniqlash usullari bakteriyalarning antibiotiklarga taʼsiri, genetik xususiyatlari, alohida belgilari, antibiotikning taʼsir doirasini aniqlashga qaratilgan^[7]. Usullar orqali sifat hamda miqdoriy natijalar olish mumkin. Yaʼni, sifat orqali sezgirlik koʻrinishi aniqlansa, miqdor uning qanchalik darajada taʼsir qilishi va konsentratsiyasini bildiradi^[7].

Antibiotiklarga sezuvchanlikni aniqlashning quyidagi usullari mavjud:

• Fenotipik usul

• Manual usul

• Avtomatik usul

• Genetik usul

• MALDI-TOF

Manbalar

↑ "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86 (2): 156–67. February 2011. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMID 21282489. PMC 3031442. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3031442. "Once microbiology results have helped to identify the etiologic pathogen and/or antimicrobial susceptibility data are available, every attempt should be made to narrow the antibiotic spectrum. This is a critically important component of antibiotic therapy because it can reduce cost and toxicity and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the community"
↑ "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86 (2): 156–67. February 2011. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMID 21282489. PMC 3031442. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3031442. "Once microbiology results have helped to identify the etiologic pathogen and/or antimicrobial susceptibility data are available, every attempt should be made to narrow the antibiotic spectrum. This is a critically important component of antibiotic therapy because it can reduce cost and toxicity and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the community"
↑ "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Antibiotic Treatment of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections". Infection & Chemotherapy 50 (1): 67–100. March 2018. doi:10.3947/ic.2018.50.1.67. PMID 29637759. PMC 5895837. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5895837.
↑ "Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance". Clinical Microbiology Reviews 31 (4). October 2018. doi:10.1128/CMR.00088-17. PMID 30068738. PMC 6148190. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6148190.
↑ "The global spread of healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria: a perspective from Asia". Clinical Infectious Diseases 56 (9): 1310–8. May 2013. doi:10.1093/cid/cit020. PMID 23334810.
↑ "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a review of general principles and contemporary practices". Clinical Infectious Diseases 49 (11): 1749–55. December 2009. doi:10.1086/647952. PMID 19857164.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 "Developmental roadmap for antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems" (En). Nature Reviews. Microbiology 17 (1): 51–62. January 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0098-9. PMID 30333569. PMC 7138758. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7138758.

[Leekha2011-1] "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86 (2): 156–67. February 2011. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMID 21282489. PMC 3031442. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3031442. "Once microbiology results have helped to identify the etiologic pathogen and/or antimicrobial susceptibility data are available, every attempt should be made to narrow the antibiotic spectrum. This is a critically important component of antibiotic therapy because it can reduce cost and toxicity and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the community"

[Leekha20112-2] "General principles of antimicrobial therapy". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 86 (2): 156–67. February 2011. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639. PMID 21282489. PMC 3031442. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3031442. "Once microbiology results have helped to identify the etiologic pathogen and/or antimicrobial susceptibility data are available, every attempt should be made to narrow the antibiotic spectrum. This is a critically important component of antibiotic therapy because it can reduce cost and toxicity and prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in the community"

[IDSA2011-3] "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Antibiotic Treatment of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections". Infection & Chemotherapy 50 (1): 67–100. March 2018. doi:10.3947/ic.2018.50.1.67. PMID 29637759. PMC 5895837. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5895837.

[pmid30068738-4] "Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance". Clinical Microbiology Reviews 31 (4). October 2018. doi:10.1128/CMR.00088-17. PMID 30068738. PMC 6148190. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6148190.

[:0-5] "The global spread of healthcare-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria: a perspective from Asia". Clinical Infectious Diseases 56 (9): 1310–8. May 2013. doi:10.1093/cid/cit020. PMID 23334810.

[Reller2009-6] "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a review of general principles and contemporary practices". Clinical Infectious Diseases 49 (11): 1749–55. December 2009. doi:10.1086/647952. PMID 19857164.

[:6-7] 7,0 ^7,1 "Developmental roadmap for antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems" (En). Nature Reviews. Microbiology 17 (1): 51–62. January 2019. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0098-9. PMID 30333569. PMC 7138758. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=7138758.

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