This is great!
Made a small change to work on nested directories:

# Source: https://gist.github.com/mohit0749/734537a0a186590c18c0e070d23d576a

directory = '/path/to/Takeout/Google Photos'
output_directory = '/path/to/Takeout/Google Photos 2'
bin_directory = '/Users/example/.Trash'

import json
import os
import shutil
from datetime import datetime
from pathlib import Path


# Helper function to convert timestamp to datetime
def convert_timestamp(timestamp):
    return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(int(timestamp))

# Create the output directory and bin directory if they don't exist
os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs(bin_directory, exist_ok=True)
 
for json_file_path in Path(directory).glob('**/*.json'):
    with json_file_path.open('r') as json_file:
        json_data = json.load(json_file)
    file_name = json_file_path.name
    photo_name = file_name.strip(".json")
    photo_path = json_file_path.parent / photo_name

    # Check if the photo file exists
    if photo_path.exists():
        # Extract relevant metadata
        creation_time = json_data.get('creationTime', {}).get('timestamp')
        geo_data = json_data.get('geoData', {})
        description = json_data.get('description', '')
        image_views = json_data.get('imageViews', 0)
        photo_taken_time = json_data.get('photoTakenTime', {}).get('timestamp')
        url = json_data.get('url', '')

        # Convert timestamp to datetime
        creation_datetime = convert_timestamp(creation_time) if creation_time else None
        photo_taken_datetime = convert_timestamp(photo_taken_time) if photo_taken_time else None

        # Modify photo metadata with ExifTool
        command = f'exiftool -overwrite_original ' \
                f'-MakerNotes:all= ' \
                f'-gps:all= ' \
                f'-gpslatitude={geo_data.get("latitude", 0)} ' \
                f'-gpslongitude={geo_data.get("longitude", 0)} ' \
                f'-gpsaltitude={geo_data.get("altitude", 0)} ' \
                f'-gpslatituderef={"N" if geo_data.get("latitude", 0) >= 0 else "S"} ' \
                f'-gpslongituderef={"E" if geo_data.get("longitude", 0) >= 0 else "W"} ' \
                f'-gpsdatetime="{photo_taken_datetime.strftime("%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S") if photo_taken_datetime else ""}" ' \
                f'-description="{description}" ' \
                f'-imagewidth={image_views} ' \
                f'-EXIF:DateTimeOriginal="{photo_taken_datetime.strftime("%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S") if photo_taken_datetime else ""}" ' \
                f'-url="{url}" ' \
                f'"{photo_path}"'

        # Execute ExifTool command
        print("Executing command:", command)  # Print the command for debugging
        try:
            os.system(command)
            print(f"Processed photo: {photo_name}")
            # Make a copy of the photo to the output directory
            output_photo_path = os.path.join(output_directory, photo_name)
            shutil.copy(photo_path, output_photo_path)
            
            # Move the original photo to the bin directory
            bin_photo_path = os.path.join(bin_directory, photo_name)
            shutil.move(photo_path, bin_photo_path)
            print(f"Moved original photo to bin: {photo_name}")
            
            # Move the JSON file to the bin directory
            bin_json_path = os.path.join(bin_directory, file_name)
            shutil.move(json_file_path, bin_json_path)
            print(f"Moved JSON file to bin: {file_name}")

            # Set the last modified time of the copied photo
            os.utime(output_photo_path, (os.stat(output_photo_path).st_atime, int(photo_taken_time)))

        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error processing photo {photo_name}: {str(e)}")
    else:
        print(f"Photo not found: {photo_name}")

print("Processing completed. Photos have been copied to the output directory with the creation time as the last modified time.")

Great stuff!

I found a bug which occurred some times with this line (The first character of an image name would be removed for some reason):
photo_name = file_name.strip(".json")

Changing it to this seems to have resolved the problem:
photo_name = file_name.removesuffix(".json")