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Samuel Laing (science writer)

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Samuel Laing
Portrait of Samuel Laing by Pieter Van Havermaet, 1872
Member of Parliament for Orkney and Shetland
In office
1873–1885
Preceded byFrederick Dundas
Succeeded byLeonard Lyell
Member of Parliament for Wick Burghs
In office
1865–1868
Preceded byViscount Bury
Succeeded byGeorge Loch
In office
1859–1860
Preceded byLord John Hay
Succeeded byViscount Bury
In office
1852–1857
Preceded byJames Loch
Succeeded byLord John Hay
Personal details
Born12 December 1812[1]
Edinburgh, Scotland
Died6 August 1897 (1897-08-07) (aged 84)
Sydenham, England
Parent
RelativesMalcolm Laing (uncle)
Alma materSt John's College, Cambridge
OccupationRailway administrator, politician, writer
AwardsSmith's Prize (1832)

Samuel Laing (12 December 1812 – 6 August 1897) was a British railway administrator, politician, and writer on science and religion during the Victorian era.

Early life

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Samuel Laing was born on 12 December 1812 in Edinburgh.[1] His father, also called Samuel Laing (1780–1868), was a well-known author, whose books on Norway and Sweden attracted much attention. Laing the Younger's uncle was historian Malcolm Laing. Laing the Younger entered St John's College, Cambridge in 1827, and after graduating as Second Wrangler and Smith's Prizeman, was elected a fellow.[2] He remained at Cambridge temporarily as a mathematics coach, before being called to the bar in 1837.[1]

Career

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He became private secretary to Henry Labouchere, later 1st Baron Taunton, who was then the President of the Board of Trade. In 1842, he was made secretary to the railway department, and retained this post until 1847. He had by then become an authority on railways, and had been a member of the Dalhousie Railway Commission; it was at his suggestion that the "parliamentary" rate of a penny a mile was instituted. In 1848, he was appointed chairman and managing director of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR), and his business acumen showed itself in the largely increased prosperity of the line. He also became chairman (1852) of The Crystal Palace Company, but retired from both posts in 1855.[citation needed]

In 1852, he was elected to Parliament as a Liberal Party candidate in Wick Burghs. After losing his seat in 1857, he was re-elected in 1859, and appointed Financial Secretary to the Treasury; in 1860 he was made finance minister in India. On returning from India, he was re-elected to parliament for Wick in 1865. He was defeated in 1868, but in 1873 he was returned for Orkney and Shetland, and retained his seat until 1885. Early in 1867 he was elected to the board of the Great Eastern Railway who by that point were sliding towards receivership. On 1 July, the day before the GER went into receivership, he was reappointed chairman of the Brighton line, which was now on the point of bankruptcy following the over-ambitious expansion plans of the previous chairman. He continued in that post until 1896, and gradually restored the company to financial health.[3] He was also chairman of the Railway Debenture Trust and the Railway Share Trust.[4]

Science writer

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In later life, he became well known as an author, his Modern Science and Modern Thought (1885), Problems of the Future (1889) and Human Origins (1892) being widely read, not only by reason of the writer's influential position, experience of affairs and clear style, but also through their popular and at the same time well-informed treatment of the scientific problems of the day. Laing's attitude was generally positive towards new developments in science, and he offered an optimistic vision of progressive modernity. He also wrote on religion. His book A Modern Zoroastrian argued that the ancient religion of Zoroastrianism was more consistent with modern scientific thought than was traditional Christianity. He argued that the "all pervading principle of polarity" that was central Zoroastrian thought has been confirmed by science, and that modern Christianity should abandon its traditional theology to centre on the figure of Jesus as an ideal of humanity.

Personal life

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Laing married Mary Dickson (née Cowan) (1819–1902). Together, they were the parents of eleven children:[5]

  • Samuel Laing (1843–1870), who died young.[5]
  • Malcolm Alfred Laing (1846–1917)[5]
  • Robert Laing (b. 1848)[5]
  • Cecilia Mary Bruce Laing (1848–1942)[5]
  • Mary Eliza Laing (1850–1936)[5]
The infant Samuel
Laing as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, August 1873

Laing was often claimed to have been the father of the novelist Mary Eliza Kennard (1850–1936).[8] This issue is still in dispute.[9] However birth entries at the General Register Office for her sons Lionel Edward Kennard and Malcolm Alfred Kennard both have Laing as the mother's maiden name. Furthermore, the transcribed parish record entry for her marriage to Edward Kennard on 19 April 1870 at Saint Nicholas church, Brighton gives her name as Mary Eliza Laing, daughter of Samuel Laing.[citation needed]

Laing died on 6 August 1897 at his home in Sydenham, England and was buried in the Brighton Extramural Cemetery.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Laing, Samuel". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15892. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ "Laing, Samuel (LN827S)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  3. ^ Searle, David. "LB&SCR Chairman". LB&SCR Online. Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
  4. ^ Ashton, Geoff (April 2013). "The Great Eastern Railway 1862-1865". Great Eastern Journal. 155: 36, 37.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Family Search, Various Genealogical Records". FamilySearch.
  6. ^ "Marriages". The Times. No. 36966. London. 1 January 1903. p. 1.
  7. ^ Vogeikoff, Natalia (2 October 2016). "The Bohemian Past of Madame Gennadius".
  8. ^ Kennard, Mrs Edward: Mary Eliza Laing, OxfordReference.com, retrieved 22 February 2014
  9. ^ Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements, Isobel Grundy, The Feminist Companion to Literature in English (1990), p. 606: "Kennard, Mary Eliza (Faber), 'Mrs Edward Kennard', d. 1936, sporting novelist, da. of Mary (Beckett) and Charles Wilson F. (not Samuel Laing, as sometimes claimed) of Northaw, Herts."
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Wick Burghs
18521857
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Wick Burghs
1859–1860
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Wick Burghs
18651868
Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Orkney and Shetland
1873–1885
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Financial Secretary to the Treasury
1859–1860
Succeeded by
Business positions
Preceded by Chairman of the Board of Directors of the
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway

1848–1855
Succeeded by
Preceded by Chairman of the Board of Directors of the
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway

1867–1896
Succeeded by
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