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Pannonia Secunda

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Provincia Pannonia Secunda
province of the Roman Empire
296–mid-5th century

Pannonia Secunda map
CapitalSirmium
History 
• Established
296
• Hunnic invasions
mid-5th century
Preceded by
Pannonia Inferior
Today part ofSerbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Pannonia Secunda was one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. It was formed in 296 AD, during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. The capital of the province was Sirmium (today Sremska Mitrovica). Pannonia Secunda comprised parts of present-day Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1]

History

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Pannonia Secunda in the 4th century

Prior to the establishment of this province, its territory was part of the province of Pannonia Inferior. In 296 AD, Pannonia Inferior was divided into two separate provinces: Pannonia Secunda in the south and Pannonia Valeria in the north. The River Drava served as the border between the two newly created provinces.

The capital of Pannonia Secunda, Sirmium, held a prestigious status as one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire. Notably, several Roman emperors were born in or near this city, highlighting its significance in the empire's history.

In 314 AD, a pivotal battle took place between two rival claimants to the imperial throne, Constantine the Great and Licinius, in the province of Pannonia Secunda, near the town of Cibalae. Despite being outnumbered, with an army of 20,000 men against Licinius' 35,000, Constantine emerged victorious after a fierce battle that lasted the entire day.

During the 5th century, the province was raided several times, by migrating peoples, including Huns and Goths.[2] During the 6th century, the territory was contested between the Ostrogoths, Gepids, Langobards, Avars, and the Byzantine Empire.[3]

Cities

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Golden solidus of emperor Julian the Apostate (361-363), stuck in Sirmium (revers)

Besides Sirmium, the other cities in Pannonia Secunda were:

Prefects

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Among the prefects of Pannonia Secunda:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Mirković 2017.
  2. ^ Gračanin 2006, p. 29-76.
  3. ^ Daim 2019, p. 221-241.

Literature

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