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Moodswinger

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In 2006 luthier Yuri Landman built the Moodswinger, a 12 string overtone zither.

The Moodswinger is a twelve-string electric zither with an additional third bridge designed by Yuri Landman. The rod which functions as the third bridge divides the strings into two sections to cause an overtone multiphonic sound. One of the copies of the instrument is part of the collection of the Musical Instrument Museum in Phoenix, Arizona.

History

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In March 2006 Landman was contacted by the noise band Liars to make an instrument for them. After 6 months he finished two copies of The Moodswinger, an electric 12-string 3rd-bridge overtone koto, one for guitarist/drummer Aaron Hemphill and one for himself.[1] Although it closely resembles an electric guitar, it is actually a zither, as it has neither frets nor a proper neck. The pickup and electronics are built into the neck instead of in the body like usual electric guitars. In 2008 the Moodswinger II was released as a serial product. Jessie Stein of The Luyas owns a copy.

A Home Swinger

In 2009 Landman created a derivative version of the instrument called the Home Swinger, for workshops at festivals, where participants built their own copy within four hours. In 2010 the Musical Instrument Museum in Phoenix included a Moodswinger as well as a Home Swinger in their collection as two of the pieces of the Dutch section of musical instrument inventions.

Physical background

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Tone combination[2]

The 3rd bridge divides the strings into two segments with different pitches. Depending on where the string is played, a bell-like harmonic second tone is created. The string resonates more or less when the back side is struck, depending on the position of the 3rd bridge along the string. This can be explained by acoustic resonance and microtonality. At harmonic nodal positions, the string resonates more than at other positions. For instance, dividing the string 1/3 + 2/3 creates a clear overtone, while 24/33 + 9/33 creates an indistinct overtone. The color dotted scale indicates the simple-number ratios up to the 7 limit (on the Moodswinger II to the 8 limit.) On these positions just intoned harmonic dyads occur.

Tuning and scales

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The Moodswinger is focused on a non-atonal playing technique. A mathematical scale is added to specify 23 harmonic positions on the strings. Because the instrument has 12 strings, tuned in a circle of fourths, it is always possible to play every note of the equal tempered scale. However some positions have a + or - indication, because the equal tempered scale is not a perfect well-tempered scale.[3]

Piano keys translated to Moodswinger tuning

The tuning of this instrument is a circle of fourths: E-A-D-G-C-F-A#-D#-G#-C#-F#-B, arranged in 3 clusters of 4 strings each to make the field of strings better readable.

Because of this tuning all five neighbouring strings form a harmonic pentatonic scale and all seven neighbouring strings form a major scale, available in every key. This allows a very easy fingerpicking technique without picking false notes, if the right key is chosen.

Moodswinger scale, based on overtone positions

The instrument has 3 printed scales, used as guides for positioning the moveable third bridge and reading the played notes:

  • The normal guitar (equal-tempered) scale
  • An inverse scale (large steps between the frets at the top of the neck, small ones at the body bridge)
  • A microtonal scale which shows "logical" string divisions in the following color-coded groups:
    • Grey dot: 1/2
    • Red dot: 1/3+2/3
    • Orange dot: 1/4+3/4
    • Yellow dot: 1/5-4/5
    • Green dot: 1/6+5/6
    • Cyan dot: 1/7-6/7
    • And a smaller subscale for the higher-pitched overtones near the body bridge in colored lines:
      • Grey line: 1/8
      • Red line: 1/9
      • Orange line: 1/10
      • Yellow line: 1/11
      • Green line: 1/12
      • Blue line: 1/16

On the Moodswinger II the 1/8, 3/8, 5/8 and 7/8 are Blue dotted. On the Home Swinger the same color system occurs.

Moodswinger overtone diagram

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The sound of a 3rd-bridged string is a combination of 3 tones. A soft-sounding attack tone of the string part hit at the body side, the corresponding overtone of both sides and a resonating low fundamental tone of the counterpart of the string at the head side. The diagram below shows the tone combinations of the overtone (above) and the low tone of the counterpart (below). The attack tone is in most positions exact the same note as the overtone. Exceptions are 3/4, 3/5, 3/7 and 5/7. In the 3/... positions the overtone is a perfect fifth of the attack tone, in the 5/7 positions the overtone is a major third of the attack tone.

Moodswinger overtone diagram, click for full-size image
Bridge position Colour codes Attack tone : open string[4] Resonating fundamental of the counterpart:[4] open string Corresponding overtone

related : open string

Corresponding overtone : fundamental of the counterpart Cents

of string parts[5]

Body : Neck

0 Unison Unison
1/16 Grey line 4 octaves Just minor second (16:15) 4 octaves Just major seventh (15:8) 22ma
111.73 : 4800.00
1/12 Green line Just perfect fifth (3:2) 22ma Lesser undecimal neutral second (12:11) Just perfect fifth (3:2) 22ma Lesser undecimal tritone (11:8) 22ma
150.64 : 4302.00
1/11 Yellow line Lesser undecimal tritone (11:8) 22ma Greater undecimal neutral second (11:10) Lesser undecimal tritone (11:8) 22ma Just major third (5:4) 22ma
165.00 : 4151.30
1/10 Orange line Just major third (5:4) 22ma Lesser just major second (10:9) Just major third (5:4) 22ma Greater just major second (9:8) 22ma
182.40 : 3986.30
1/9 Red line Greater just major second (9:8) 22ma Greater just major second (9:8) Greater just major second (9:8) 22ma 3 octaves
203.91 : 3803.90
1/8 Grey line 3 octaves Septimal major second (8:7) 3 octaves Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma
231.17 : 3600.00
1/7 Blue dot Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Septimal minor third (7:6) Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Just perfect fifth (3:2) 15ma
266.87 : 3368.80
1/6 Green dot Just perfect fifth (3:2) 15ma Just minor third (6:5) Just perfect fifth (3:2) 15ma Just major third (5:4) 15ma
315.64 : 3102.00
1/5 Yellow dot Just major third (5:4) 15ma Just major third (5:4) Just major third (5:4) 15ma 2 octaves
386.31 : 2786.30
1/4 Orange dot 2 octaves Just perfect fourth (4:3) 2 octaves Just perfect fifth (3:2) 8va
498.04 : 2400.00
2/7 Blue dot Harmonic seventh (7:4) 8va Lesser septimal tritone (7:5) Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Just major third (5:4) 15ma
582.51 : 1782.51
1/3 Red dot Just perfect fifth (3:2) 8va Just perfect fifth (3:2) Just perfect fifth (3:2) 15ma Octave
701.96 : 1901.96
2/5 Yellow dot Just major third (5:4) 8va Just major sixth (5:3) Just major third (5:4) 15ma Just perfect fifth (3:2) 8va
884.36 : 1586.31
3/7 Blue dot Septimal minor third (7:6) 8va Harmonic seventh (7:4) Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma 2 octaves
968.83 : 1466.87
1/2 Grey dot Octave Octave Octave Unison
1200.00 : 1200.00
4/7 Blue dot Harmonic seventh (7:4) Septimal minor third (7:6) 8va Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Just perfect fifth (3:2) 8va
1466.87 : 968.83
3/5 Yellow dot Just major sixth (5:3) Just major third (5:4) 8va Just major third (5:4) 15ma Octave
1586.31 : 884.36
2/3 Red dot Just perfect fifth (3:2) Just perfect fifth (3:2) 8va Just perfect fifth (3:2) 8va Unison
1901.96 : 701.96
5/7 Blue dot Lesser septimal tritone (7:5) Harmonic seventh (7:4) 8va Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Octave
1782.51 : 582.51
3/4 Orange dot Just perfect fourth (4:3) 2 octaves 2 octaves Unison
2400.00 : 498.04
4/5 Yellow dot Just major third (5:4) Just major third (5:4) 15ma Just major third (5:4) 15ma Unison
2786.30 : 386.31
5/6 Green dot Just minor third (6:5) Just perfect fifth (3:2) 15ma Just perfect fifth (3:2) 15ma Unison
3102.00 : 315.64
6/7 Blue dot Septimal minor third (7:6) Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Harmonic seventh (7:4) 15ma Unison
3368.80 : 266.87

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Article on modernguitars.com
  2. ^ [1][dead link]
  3. ^ "BAIN: The Harmonic Series (Overtone Series)". Music.sc.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
  4. ^ a b "List of Intervals", Huygens-Fokker.org (in English).
  5. ^ "BAIN ATMI 2002: Cents/RatioToCents Appl". Music.sc.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-02-24. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
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