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List of Odonata species of Slovenia

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The beautiful demoiselle (Calopteryx virgo) is one of the most common species of Odonata in Slovenia, a regular sight along overgrown brooks in hilly regions during warmer months.[1]
Location of Slovenia (darker green) within Europe (Western Palaearctic realm)

The list of Odonata species of Slovenia includes 72 species of dragonflies and damselflies (Slovene: kačji pastirji) for which reliable records exist from the present-day territory of Slovenia, including one that has not been seen since the 1960s and is presumed to have been extirpated (locally extinct), but could have simply been overlooked. The list is based on two reference works: Atlas of the Dragonflies (Odonata) of Slovenia,[2] a joint publication of the Slovene Odonatological Society and the Slovene Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora from 1997, and the newer Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies (2015),[3] supported by other, more recent publications in which new species described after 1997 were documented.

Odonata species from the territory of present-day Slovenia were systematically studied by the naturalists Johann Weikhard von Valvasor and Giovanni Antonio Scopoli as early as the 17th and 18th centuries; however, the first systematic compendium was only published in the 1960s by the Slovene zoologist Boštjan Kiauta [sl].[1] The distribution of Odonata in Slovenia is now fairly well known by international standards, with Slovenia having been one of the first European countries for which a full account of faunistic data (an "atlas") was published. The number of species (72) represents almost exactly half of the European species (143) and is comparable with the number of species of Germany (81) and Spain (80), both much larger countries.[3] Slovenian odonate fauna is therefore considered highly diverse, which is attributed to the country's position on the junction of several ecoregions where many species reach the border of their distribution.[1]

The list

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Taxonomic order and nomenclature follow the Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies (2015),[3] while Atlas of the Dragonflies (Odonata) of Slovenia is the primary source of the data,[2] with notes explaining discrepancies.

Columns with scientific and vernacular names in English and Slovene are followed by conservation status as determined by the country's official Red list of Odonata (Rdeči seznam kačjih pastirjev).[4] Categories of conservation status according to this list are as follows:

  • extinct species (EX): once reliably recorded native populations that have been exterminated in the past throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Slovenia.
  • presumed extinct species (EX?): once reliably recorded native populations which haven't been seen for a longer period despite targeted searching, providing grounds for the presumption of local extinction.
  • endangered species (E): the existence of this species on the territory of Slovenia is not likely in the future if the reasons for endangerment are not removed. Population size is critically low or is rapidly diminishing in a large part of the areal.
  • vulnerable species (V): risk of becoming endangered (E) if the negative influences persist. Population size is being reduced in a large part of the areal, whereas the species is sensitive to changes in the environment or inhabits sensitive habitats.
  • rare species (R): potentially vulnerable due to its rarity in Slovenia, may rapidly become endangered (E) in case of negative influences.
  • non-defined (I): presumed endangered, but there is insufficient data to assign to any of the above categories.

Most (24) of the species included in the Red List are also protected according to the newer Ordinance on protected native species of animals (Uredba o zavarovanih prosto živečih živalskih vrstah) from 2004, which annulled the previous ordinance on which the Red list is based.[5] The protected species are labelled with an additional asterisk (*), while the old Red list statuses are retained for reference.

Most species native to Slovenia are not globally threatened and are regarded least-concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). There are two exceptions – both Cordulegaster species – that are near-threatened. Additionally, the southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale) is near-threatened as well, but that species is almost certainly extirpated.[citation needed]

Damselflies (Zygoptera)

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Damselflies (Zygoptera)
Family Scientific name Vernacular name
in English and Slovene
Status
(SLO)
Status
(IUCN)
Notes Photograph
Spreadwings (Lestidae) Chalcolestes parvidens eastern willow spreadwing
(presenetljiva pazverca)
I C. parvidens and C. viridis are difficult to distinguish, and were split only in 1997.[3] In the Slovene Atlas they are treated as a single species (both are present in Slovenia). Chalcolestes parvidens
Chalcolestes viridis willow emerald damselfly
(zelena pazverca)
See the note for C. parvidens. Chalcolestes viridis
Lestes barbarus southern emerald damselfly
(grmiščna zverca)
V Lestes barbarus
Lestes dryas emerald spreadwing
(obrežna zverca)
E* Lestes dryas
Lestes macrostigma dark spreadwing
(južna zverca)
R* Lestes macrostigma
Lestes sponsa emerald damselfly
(obvodna zverca)
Lestes sponsa
Lestes virens small spreadwing
(loška zverca)
E* Lestes virens
Sympecma fusca common winter damselfly
(prisojni zimnik)
Sympecma fusca
Demoiselles (Calopterygidae) Calopteryx splendens banded demoiselle
(pasasti bleščavec)
Calopteryx splendens
Calopteryx virgo beautiful demoiselle
(modri bleščavec)
Calopteryx virgo
White-legged damselflies (Platycnemididae) Platycnemis pennipes white-legged damselfly
(sinji presličar)
Platycnemis pennipes
Narrow-winged damselflies (Coenagrionidae) Ceriagrion tenellum small red damselfly
(rdeči voščenec)
E* Ceriagrion tenellum
Coenagrion hastulatum northern damselfly
(barjanski škratec)
E* Thought extirpated in the late 20th century, the species was rediscovered in 1999.[6] Coenagrion hastulatum
Coenagrion mercuriale southern damselfly
(brzični škratec)
EX?* Last recorded by Boštjan Kiauta in the 1960s, the species is cited in the Slovene Atlas as possibly extirpated, while the newer European Atlas no longer lists it. Not included in the total number of species. Coenagrion mercuriale
Coenagrion ornatum ornate bluet
(koščični škratec)
V Coenagrion ornatum
Coenagrion puella azure damselfly
(travniški škratec)
Coenagrion puella
Coenagrion pulchellum variable damselfly
(suhljati škratec)
V Coenagrion pulchellum
Coenagrion scitulum dainty damselfly
(povodni škratec)
V Coenagrion scitulum
Enallagma cyathigerum common blue damselfly
(bleščeči zmotec)
Enallagma cyathigerum
Erythromma lindenii goblet-marked damselfly
(prodni paškratec)
V Erythromma lindenii
Erythromma najas red-eyed damselfly
(veliki rdečeokec)
Erythromma najas
Erythromma viridulum small red-eyed damselfly
(mali rdečeokec)
Erythromma viridulum
Ischnura elegans blue-tailed damselfly
(modri kresničar)
Ischnura elegans
Ischnura pumilio scarce blue-tailed damselfly
(bledi kresničar)
Ischnura pumilio
Pyrrhosoma nymphula large red damselfly
(rani plamenec)
Pyrrhosoma nymphula

Dragonflies (Anisoptera)

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Dragonflies (Anisoptera)
Family Scientific name Vernacular name
in English and Slovene
Status
(SLO)
Status
(IUCN)
Notes Photograph
Hawkers (Aeshnidae) Aeshna affinis southern migrant hawker
(višnjeva deva)
V Aeshna affinis
Aeshna caerulea azure hawker
(šotna deva)
R* Only one record for Slovenia Aeshna caerulea
Aeshna cyanea southern hawker
(zelenomodra deva)
Aeshna cyanea
Aeshna grandis brown hawker
(rjava deva)
V Aeshna grandis
Aeshna isoceles green-eyed hawker
(deviški pastir)
V Aeshna isoceles
Aeshna juncea common hawker
(barjanska deva)
V Aeshna juncea
Aeshna mixta migrant hawker
(bleda deva)
Aeshna mixta
Aeshna subarctica subarctic darner
(mahovna deva)
R* [7] Aeshna subarctica
Aeshna viridis green hawker
(zelena deva)
E* Aeshna viridis
Anax ephippiger vagrant emperor
(afriški minljivec)
Anax ephippiger
Anax imperator emperor dragonfly
(veliki spremljevalec)
Anax imperator
Anax parthenope lesser emperor
(modroriti spremljevalec)
Anax parthenope
Brachytron pratense hairy dragonfly
(zgodnji trstničar)
V Brachytron pratense
Clubtails (Gomphidae) Gomphus flavipes yellow-legged dragonfly
(rumeni porečnik)
EX?* Thought extirpated in the late 20th century, rediscovered in 2011;[8] not yet included in the official Red list. Gomphus flavipes
Gomphus vulgatissimus common clubtail
(popotni porečnik)
V Gomphus vulgatissimus
Lindenia tetraphylla bladetail
(velika peščenka)
EX* Last recorded by Boštjan Kiauta in 1960s in Fiesa, it is considered extirpated. Lindenia tetraphylla
Onychogomphus forcipatus small pincertail
(bledi peščenec)
Onychogomphus forcipatus
Ophiogomphus cecilia green snaketail
(kačji potočnik)
V* Ophiogomphus cecilia
Spiketails (Cordulegastridae) Cordulegaster bidentata sombre goldenring
(povirni studenčar)
V Cordulegaster bidentata
Cordulegaster heros balkan goldenring
(veliki studenčar)
V* One of the largest European dragonflies; it was included in the annex of the Habitats Directive when Slovenia joined the European Union. Cordulegaster heros
Emeralds (Corduliidae) Cordulia aenea downy emerald
(močvirski lebduh)
Cordulia aenea
Epitheca bimaculata Eurasian baskettail
(nosna jezerka)
V Epitheca bimaculata
Somatochlora alpestris alpine emerald
(alpski lesketnik)
R* [9] Somatochlora alpestris
Somatochlora arctica northern emerald
(barjanski lesketnik)
R* Somatochlora arctica
Somatochlora flavomaculata yellow-spotted emerald
(pegasti lesketnik)
V Somatochlora flavomaculata
Somatochlora meridionalis balkan emerald
(sredozemski lesketnik)
Somatochlora meridionalis
Somatochlora metallica brilliant emerald
(kovinski lesketnik)
E* Somatochlora metallica
Skimmers (Libellulidae) Crocothemis erythraea scarlet dragonfly
(opoldanski škrlatec)
Crocothemis erythraea
Leucorrhinia caudalis lilypad whiteface
(mrtvični spreletavec)
E* Leucorrhinia caudalis
Leucorrhinia dubia white-faced darter
(barjanski spreletavec)
E* Leucorrhinia dubia
Leucorrhinia pectoralis large white-faced darter
(dristavični spreletavec)
E* Leucorrhinia pectoralis
Libellula depressa broad-bodied chaser
(modri ploščec)
Libellula depressa
Libellula fulva scarce chaser
(črni ploščec)
V Libellula fulva
Libellula quadrimaculata four-spotted chaser
(lisasti ploščec)
Libellula quadrimaculata
Orthetrum albistylum white-tailed skimmer
(temni modrač)
Orthetrum albistylum
Orthetrum brunneum southern skimmer
(sinji modrač)
Orthetrum brunneum
Orthetrum cancellatum black-tailed skimmer
(prodni modrač)
Orthetrum cancellatum
Orthetrum coerulescens keeled skimmer
(mali modrač)
Orthetrum coerulescens
Selysiothemis nigra black pennant
(temni slaniščar)
First sighted in 2012 at Škocjanski zatok [sl] nature reserve near Koper;[10] not yet included in the official Red list. Selysiothemis nigra
Sympetrum danae black darter
(črni kamenjak)
E* Sympetrum danae
Sympetrum depressiusculum spotted darter
(stasiti kamenjak)
E* Sympetrum depressiusculum
Sympetrum flaveolum yellow-winged darter
(rumeni kamenjak)
R* Sympetrum flaveolum
Sympetrum fonscolombii red-veined darter
(malinovordeči kamenjak)
Sympetrum fonscolombii
Sympetrum meridionale southern darter
(sredozemski kamenjak)
R* Sympetrum meridionale
Sympetrum pedemontanum banded darter
(pasasti kamenjak)
R* Sympetrum pedemontanum
Sympetrum sanguineum ruddy darter
(krvavordeči kamenjak)
Sympetrum sanguineum
Sympetrum striolatum common darter
(progasti kamenjak)
Sympetrum striolatum
Sympetrum vulgatum vagrant darter
(navadni kamenjak)
Sympetrum vulgatum

Excluded species

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The Slovene Atlas mentions four additional species as records from older literature, but there is insufficient evidence for their presence so they are excluded from that list as well:[2]

  • Irish damselfly (Coenagrion lunulatum) – one recorded sighting in the 1950s, but Slovenia lies far outside the species' distribution range so it was most likely misidentified
  • large pincertail (Onychogomphus uncatus) – one sighting with a photograph, but the specimen cannot be reliably distinguished from the similar Onychogomphus forcipatus in the picture
  • golden-ringed dragonfly (Cordulegaster boltonii) – records from the 1950s belong to Cordulegaster heros which was formally split from C. boltonii in 1979
  • northern white-faced darter (Leucorrhinia rubicunda) – one doubtful sighting

References

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  1. ^ a b c Bedjanič, Matjaž (2003). "Kačji pastirji". In Sket, Boris; Gogala, Matija; Kuštor, Valerija (eds.). Živalstvo Slovenije (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Tehniška založba Slovenije. pp. 281–289. ISBN 86-365-0410-4.
  2. ^ a b c Kotarac, Mladen (1997). Atlas kačjih pastirjev (Odonata) Slovenije z Rdečim seznamom [Atlas of the dragonflies (Odonata) of Slovenia with the Red Data List]. Miklavž na Dravskem polju: Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora. ISBN 961-90512-0-3.
  3. ^ a b c d Boudot, Jean-Pierre; Kalkman, Vincent J., eds. (2015). Atlas of the European dragonflies and damselflies. Netherlands: KNNV Publishing. ISBN 978-90-5011-4806.
  4. ^ "Pravilnik o uvrstitvi ogroženih rastlinskih in živalskih vrst v rdeči seznam". Uradni list Republike Slovenije (in Slovenian). No. 82. 24 September 2002. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2020. - Priloga 21: Rdeči seznam kačjih pastirjev (Odonata) Archived 2022-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Uredba o zavarovanih prosto živečih živalskih vrstah". Uradni list Republike Slovenije. No. 46. 30 April 2004. - Priloga 1: Seznam živalskih vrst, katerih živali so zavarovane Archived 2021-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Bedjanič, Matjaž; Weldt, Saso (2000). "Rediscovery of Coenagrion hastulatum (Charpentier, 1825) in Slovenia (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)". Exuviae. 7 (1): 27–30.
  7. ^ Bedjanič, Matjaž (1999). "Aeshna subarctica elisabethae Djakonov 1922, new for the odonate fauna of Slovenia (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae)". Exuvia. 6 (1): 7–10.
  8. ^ Šácha, Dušan; Bedjanič, Matjaž. "Ponovno odkritje ogroženega rumenega porečnika Gomphus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) v Sloveniji po pol stoletja (Odonata: Gomphidae)" [Rediscovery of the endangered river clubtail Gomphus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) in Slovenia after half a century (Odonata: Gomphidae)] (PDF). Natura Sloveniae (in Slovenian). 13 (2): 37–43. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-21. Retrieved 2020-10-23.
  9. ^ Brockhaus, Thomas (1999). "Ein Nachweis von Aeshna subarctica elisabethae Djakonov, 1922 und Somatochlora alpestris (Sélys, 1840) im Hochmoor Šijec auf der Pokljuka, NW Slowenien (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae, Corduliidae)" [A proof of Aeshna subarctica elisabethae Djakonov, 1922 and Somatochlora alpestris (Sélys, 1840) in the Šijec high marsh on Pokljuka, NW Slovenia (Anisoptera: Aeshnidae, Corduliidae)]. Exuviae (in German). 6 (1): 11–13.
  10. ^ Šalamun, Ali (2012-08-17). "Kačji pastir temni slaniščar prvič opažen v Sloveniji v Škocjanskem zatoku!" [The black pennant dragonfly first sighted in Slovenia in Škocjanski zatok!] (in Slovenian). Naravni rezervat Škocjanski zatok. Archived from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
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