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Danish Runic Inscription 380

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DR 380

The Nylarsker stone 2, Ny Larsker stone I or DR 380 is a Viking Age runestone engraved in Old Norse with the Younger Futhark runic alphabet on Bornholm. The runestone was discovered in 1643 and first mentioned in Ole Worm's Monumenta Danica.[1] It was to be found outside the entrance of Nylars Church until 1855.[1] It is securely dated to the period 1075–1125, and belongs to a group of Bornholm runestones that were made during the transition from the Viking Age to the Nordic Middle Ages.[1] It made in sandstone and it is 186 cm tall, 146,5 cm wide and 17 cm thick,[1] and the style of the runestone is the runestone style RAK.[2]

The inscription is partly made in the Old Norse fornyrðislag meter (cf. Nielsen 1983:224-25) and consists of a traveller's or a soul formula.[1] It possible that "Sveinn of the hooded cloak" was a descendant of the Jomsviking Sigurd of the hooded cloak who is said to have settled on Bornholm after the battle of Hjørungavåg ca. 986.[1]

The language shows linguistic changes in "raisti" where there is a transition from to st. The old ʀ-phoneme has merged with the r-phoneme as in "a(f)tir".[1] The form "kobu" probably reflects a late u umlaut, and the form Mikial (Michael) has palatalization with parallels in West Norse and in Old Swedish (Brøndum Nielsen GG § 247).[1] The ansuz rune is of a special form.[1]

Inscription

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kobu:suain

Kopu-(?)Swen

:

 

raisti

resþi

:

 

stain

sten

:

 

þ(e)na

þænna

:

 

a(f)tir

æftiʀ

:

 

bausa

Bøsa,

:

 

sun

sun

:

 

sin

sin,

:

 

tr(i)...

dræ[ng]

...n

[goþa]n,

:

 

þan

þan

:

 

is

æs

:

 

tribin

dræpin

:

 

ua(r)þ

warþ

:

 

i

i

:

 

(u)(r)ostu

orrostu

:

 

at

at

:

 

ut:la(n)(k)iu

Utlængiu.

:

 

kuþ

Guþ

:

 

tr(u)tin

drottin

:

 

hi(a)lbi

hialpi

:

 

hans

hans

:

 

ont

ond

:

 

auk

ok

:

 

sata

santa

:

 

mikial

Mihael.

:

 

kobu:suain : raisti : stain : þ(e)na : a(f)tir : bausa : sun : sin : tr(i)... ...n : þan : is : tribin : ua(r)þ : i : (u)(r)ostu : at : ut:la(n)(k)iu : kuþ : tr(u)tin : hi(a)lbi : hans : ont : auk : sata : mikial :

Kopu-(?)Swen {} resþi {} sten {} þænna {} æftiʀ {} Bøsa, {} sun {} sin, {} dræ[ng] [goþa]n, {} þan {} æs {} dræpin {} warþ {} i {} orrostu {} at {} Utlængiu. {} Guþ {} drottin {} hialpi {} hans {} ond {} ok {} santa {} Mihael. {}

"Sveinn (of the hooded cloak? son of Kápa?) raised this stone in memory of Bausi, his son, a good valiant man, who was killed in battle at Útlengia. May Lord God and Saint Michael help his spirit. "[2]

References

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