chloropicrin

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chlo·ro·pic·rin

(klôr′ə-pĭk′rĭn)

An oily colorless liquid, CCl₃NO₂, that causes skin, lung, and mucous membrane irritation and is used in tear gas and in dyestuffs, disinfectants, insecticides, and soil fumigants. Also called nitrochloroform.

[chloro- + picr(o)- + -in.]

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

chloropicrin

(ˌklɔːrəʊˈpɪkrɪn) or

chlorpicrin

(Elements & Compounds) a colourless insoluble toxic lachrymatory liquid used as a pesticide and a tear gas; nitrotrichloromethane. Formula: CCl3NO2

[C20: from chloro- + picro- + -in]

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

chlo•ro•pic•rin

(ˌklɔr əˈpɪk rɪn, ˌkloʊr-)

also chlorpicrin

a poisonous liquid, CCl₃NO₂, used as an insecticide and fungicide and in chemical warfare.

[1885–90; chloro-² + picr(ic acid) + -in¹]

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Noun

chloropicrin - a heavy colorless insoluble liquid compound that causes tears and vomiting; used as a pesticide and as tear gas

nitrochloroform

chemical compound, compound - (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight

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References in periodicals archive ?

Chloropicrin Mitigation Proposal: Control of Resident and Bystander Acute Exposure from Soil 2013a.

Revised chloropicrin use requirements impact strawberry growers unequally

Planting beds were prepared with a 6-foot center wheel spacing tractor (2-wheel drive Model 6615, John Deere, Moline, IL) and were fumigated with methyl bromide 80/20 formulation (80% methyl bromide, 20% chloropicrin) at the rate of 283.5 kg/ ha.

Suppression of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and incidence of cucurbit leaf crumple virus, a whitefly-transmitted virus of zucchini squash new to Florida, with mulches and imidacloprid

The researchers anticipate that growers will likely end up using an assortment of biological control and chemical options--instead of relying on a few magic-bullet chemicals like methyl bromide paired with chloropicrin.

Strawberry Growers Test Methyl Bromide Alternatives

Many began to rely more heavily on other, still allowable fumigants: they increased the percentage of chloropicrin they used in combination with methyl bromide, or they switched to chloropicrin alone or in combination with 1,3-D (Telone).

Strawberry growers wavered over methyl iodide, feared public backlash

* Fumigants (37 entries, including chloropicrin, methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, metam-sodium, metam-potassium, and sulfuryl fluoride)

Maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications and autism spectrum disorders among children in the California Central Valley

As a result of this phaseout, which began in 2001, the use of alternative fumigants such as 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) has increased (CDPR 2009).

Fumigant dosages below maximum label rate control some soilborne pathogens

The pesticides evaluated include chloropicrin, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, diazinon, 1,3-dichloropropene, dichlorvos (naled breakdown product), endosulfan, eptam, methidathion, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate (MITC; metam sodium breakdown product), molinate, propargite, and simazine.

Community exposures to airborne agricultural pesticides in California: ranking of inhalation risks

Fumigants other than methyl bromide, such as chloropicrin, remain widely used in California strawberry production.

A crossroads for strawberries

Standard Test Method TMS-003: Chlorination Disinfection By-products (Heloacetonitriles, Chloroketones, Chloropicrin, Chloral Hydrate) in Water.

Trichloroacetic acid as a biomarker of exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water: a human exposure trial in Adelaide, Australia. (Research Articles)

Recognition of the fungicidal properties of chloropicrin and the enhanced efficacy achieved by addition of methyl bromide lifted this limitation and allowed for a dramatic expansion in the production of fresh strawberries in California.

Growing for the future: Collective action, land stewardship and soilborne pathogens in California strawberry production

Eleven pesticides with more than 1 million pounds per year of use in California had insufficient toxicologic and environmental data for hazard weighting (sulfur, petroleum oil, sodium chlorate, copper hydroxide, mineral oil, copper sulfate, chloropicrin, petroleum distillates, sulfuryl fluoride, calcium hydroxide, and diuron).

Agricultural pesticide use in California: pesticide prioritization, use densities, and population distributions for a childhood cancer study. (Children's Health Articles)

Many perennial crop growers have adopted methyl bromide alternatives such as 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin. These alternatives, however, are also highly regulated because of their toxicity and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which degrade air quality by forming ground-level ozone.