Carbonylation is an irreversible and non-enzymatic protein conversion and the byproduct derivatives are chemically stable and easily measurable markers of oxidative stress (12).
Rickover's 1975 paper "The Decision to Use Zirconium in Nuclear Reactors." Other topics include origins of the discovery of the new Cezus process for separating zirconium and hafnium by extractive distillation, physical phenomena concerning corrosion under irradiation of zirconium alloys, and zirconium corrosion resistance as a key to success for the methanol
carbonylation acetic acid process.
Trivalent arsenicals induce lipid peroxidation, protein
carbonylation, and oxidative DNA damage in human urothelial cells.
With the recognition of carbon-metal bonding properties and the mechanistic understanding of basic catalytic reactions comes a growing recognition that many transition metal-catalyzed reactions, including
carbonylation reactions involving the use of carbon monoxide as reactant, have become the most efficient solution to practical problems.
6,184,409 B1: Researchers for General Electric have patented a method of carbonylating an aromatic hydroxy compound comprising the step of contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a
carbonylation catalyst system containing nickel.
Acylation, alkylation, alkyl lithium reactions, amidation, bromination, chlorination, cyclization, decarboxylation, electrochemistry, electrophilic substitution, esterification, fluoride exchange, hydrogenation, nucleophilic substitutions, organometallic reactions, oxidations, palladium catalyzed
carbonylation, phase transfer catalysis, photochemistry, reductions, sulfonation, vapor phase catalysis.
McElwee-White, Oxidative
Carbonylation of Primary Amines to Ureas Using Tungsten Carbonyl Catalysts, Organometallics, 17, 4037 (1998).
Wu, "Efficient palladium-catalyzed double
carbonylation of o-dibromobenzenes: synthesis of thalidomide," Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, vol.
Especially in AgNPs, numerous studies showed that in cellular responses, 100 nm AgNPs induced serine/threonine protein kinase (PAK), phosphatase 2A, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and 20 nm AgNPs induced ROS, SUMOylation, and protein
carbonylation [10].