Game, set, match. 🎾 Tennis players use the advantages of different spins they can provide to the ball. 🌀 When the ball spins, aerodynamic forces created by the airflow (so-called Magnus effect) help players control the ball in specific plays during rallies.
To minimize unforced errors, players try to get some margin above the net and use top spin to help the ball to fall back inside the lines of the court. Due to the rotation of the ball, the air below the ball is accelerated while the air above the ball is slowed down, resulting in a pressure gradient (Bernoulli's equation) and an upward shift of the wake from earlier flow separation at the top of the ball, which creates a downward force that will work along gravity to keep the ball inside the court.
When keeping the ball low, the net becomes more of an obstacle and it can become challenging to keep the ball deep to neutralize the opponent. Players then use the opposite effect (high pressure below the ball and low pressure above the ball) with backspin, which will create an upward force that will keep the ball flight longer and give the “floating” behavior to the ball to get some depth to the shot despite playing close to the net.
Thanks, Nicolas Fougere, for serving this simulation up!
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