Carnosine


Also found in: Medical, Wikipedia.

carnosine

[′kär·nə‚sēn]
(biochemistry)
C9H14N4O3 A colorless, crystalline dipeptide occurring in the muscle tissue of vertebrates.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Carnosine

 

C9H14O3N4, a dipeptide (/3-alanyl histidine), composed of the amino acids of /3-alanine and L-histidine. Discovered by G. S. Gulevich in 1900 in a meat extract. Molecular weight, 226. It crystallizes into colorless needles that are readily soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. It is found in the skeletal musculature of most vertebrates.

Carnosine and its constituent amino acids are absent in certain species of fish (only L-histidine or /3-alanine is present); it does not occur in the muscle of invertebrates. The carnosine content in the muscle of vertebrates usually varies from 200 to 400 mg percent raw muscle weight, depending on the muscular structure and function; in the human body it ranges between 100 and 150 mg percent.

Carnosine has diverse effects on the biochemical processes that occur in skeletal muscles; however, its biological role has not been definitively established. The addition of carnosine to a solution bathing the muscle of the isolated neuromyal specimen causes restoration of contractions of the fatigued muscle.

S. E. SEVERIN

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979). © 2010 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mentioned in ?
References in periodicals archive ?
Protection of neuronal cells against reactive oxygen species by carnosine and related compounds.
Gene expression of digestive enzymes during the initial ontogeny of Mexican snook Centropomus poeyi
Four weeks of BA supplementation was used because this time frame has been found to elicit a significant increase in muscle carnosine levels and reduction in subjective levels of fatigue (18,20,28,29,31).
The Effect of Short Term Beta Alanine Supplementation on Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study
In addition, the claimed methods allow for a loading phase and a maintenance phase of supplementation and allows for further loading after achieving and maintaining a desired level of muscle carnosine, concluded the company.
Natural Alternatives International expects new instant release beta-alanine patent in the US
The following substances have been used in the experiment: Lithium ascorbate (synthesized in laboratory), carnosine - the dipeptide (3-alanyl-L-histidine (Yonezawa Hamari Chemicals, Japan), as reference drug and ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany)as a standard and widely used antioxidant (Figure 1).
cascorbate as a protector of human blood biomolecules under ethanol impact
The reduced quadratic mixture model predicted that carnosine and fenoldopam mesylate, separately and together, had a beneficial effect on morphology (Table 6).
High Throughput Screening of Additives Using Factorial Design to Promote Survival of Stored Cultured Epithelial Sheets
Important Role of Muscle Carnosine in Rowing Performance.
EFEITO DA SUPLEMENTACAO DE BETA-ALANINA NO DESEMPENHO: UMA REVISAO CRITICA/Effect of beta-alanine supplementation in performance: a critical review
Impairment of electron transfer chain induced by acute carnosine administration in sceletal muscle of young rats.
IN SITU ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CAPACITY --FOUNDATION FOR CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY/IN SITU ANALIZA MITOHONDRIJALNOG RESPIRATORNOG KAPACITETA --OKOSNICA BUDUCIH ISTRAZIVANJA IZ CELIJSKE FIZIOLOGIJE
Research reported in the American Journal of Therapeutics found that carnosine - present in chicken soup - could help the immune system fight off the flu virus in its early stages.
Fanta food fixes; We're all aware just how vital a good diet is to our overall health - but you might be surprised just how 'super' some foods can be for certain ailments
The localization of the gene on chromosome 18q22.3-23 was the first identified genetic loci in Turkish DKD patients of T2DM [4], which is in the region of carnosinase genes, and the polymorphism of relevant genes of carnosine dipeptidase (CNDP)1 and 2 was later proved to be related with the progression of DKD in T2DM patients [5,6].
Diabetic Nephropathy: From Pathophysiology to Treatment
Cysteine and carnosine have a number of antioxidant properties (Carlsen et al, 2002; Levonen et al, 2004).
EFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF SDPP WITH YEAST EXTRACTS IN PIGLETS ON PLASMA AMINO ACIDS AND INTESTINAL MUCOSA MORPHOLOGY
Beef contains creatine (which forms energy reserves in the brain and muscles) and carnosine (an antioxidant responsible for protecting cells from degenerative processes).
WHEN HUNGER STRIKES 5 FOODS THAT WILL FILL YOU UP, WITHOUT FILLING YOU OUT

Encyclopedia browser ?
Full browser ?